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SING SUSHI JAPANS NASJONALRETT BESTåR BLANDET EDDIK SAMMEN DIVERSE TOPPINGER EKSEMPEL FISK ELLER GRøNNSAKER VANLIG MISOPPFATTELSE BLANT NORDMENN SUSHI INNEHOLDER ELLER BESTåR FISK IKKE DIREKTE FEIL FISK OFTE VIKTIG INGREDIENS ALTSå INGEN FELLESNEVNER SUSHI FROM WIKIPEDIA FREE ENCYCLOPEDIA CHIYODA CHIYODA-KU SPECIAL WARDS CENTRAL TOKYO JAPAN ENGLISH CALLS ITSELF CHIYODA CITY OCTOBER WARD ESTIMATED POPULATION DENSITY PERSONS MAKING LEAST POPULATED SPECIAL WARDS TOTAL AREA WHICH IMPERIAL PALACE TAKES PERCENT CHIYODA CONSISTS PALACE SURROUNDING RADIUS ABOUT INHERITED NAME LITERALLY MEANING FIELD THOUSAND GENERATIONS FROM CHIYODA CASTLE OTHER NAME CASTLE MANY GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS SUCH DIET PRIME MINISTER'S RESIDENCE SUPREME COURT LOCATED CHIYODA TOKYO LANDMARKS SUCH YASUKUNI SHRINE TOKYO STATION BUDOKAN FIFTEEN EMBASSIES LOCATED WITHIN WARD CHIYODA ALSO HOME OVER BUSINESSES EMPLOYING OVER PEOPLE CONTENTS HIDE HISTORY GEOGRAPHY POLITICS GOVERNMENT DISTRICTS JIMACHI AREA KANDA AREA ATTRACTIONS TRANSPORTATION FAMOUS PEOPLE POINTS HISTORICAL INTEREST EDUCATION EXTERNAL LINKS EDIT HISTORY CHIYODA FOUNDED MARCH UNIFICATION KANDA WARD NORTHEAST CORNER PRESENT-DAY CHIYODA AROUND AKIHABARA STATION JIMACHI WARD COMPRISING REST CHIYODA ASSASSINATION NAOSUKE TOOK PLACE OUTSIDE SAKURADA GATE IMPERIAL PALACE ASSASSINS ATTACKED KILLED PRIME MINISTER INUKAI TSUYOSHI ATTEMPTED COUP D'ETAT FEBRUARY INCIDENT OCCURRED MEMBERS SHINRIKYO CARRIED SARIN ATTACK TOKYO SUBWAY EDIT GEOGRAPHY CHIYODA LOCATED VERY HEART CENTRAL TOKYO CENTRAL AREA WARD FURTHERMORE OCCUPIED IMPERIAL PALACE EAST SIDE WARD BORDERING LOCATION TOKYO STATION SOUTH SIDE BORDERING MINATO ENCOMPASSES HIBIYA PARK NATIONAL DIET BUILDING ALMOST EXCLUSIVELY OCCUPIED ADMINISTRATIONS AGENCIES WEST NORTHWEST PRIMARILY UPPER CLASS RESIDENTIAL YASUKUNI SHRINE ALSO THERE NORTH NORTHEAST SEVERAL RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOODS AKIHABARA COMMERCIAL DISTRICT EDIT POLITICS GOVERNMENT CHIYODA CITY ASSEMBLY ELECTED MEMBERS CURRENT MAYOR MASAMI ISHIKAWA INDEPENDENT WARD ALSO HOME DIET JAPAN SUPREME COURT JAPAN RESIDENCE PRIME MINISTER JAPAN POLITICAL NERVE CENTER JAPAN EDIT DISTRICTS SOME DISTRICTS NINJUTSU NINJUTSU SOMETIMES USED INTERCHANGEABLY WITH TERM NINP NINP MARTIAL STRATEGY TACTICS UNCONVENTIONAL WARFARE GUERILLA WARFARE PRACTICED SHINOBI ALSO COMMONLY KNOWN OUTSIDE JAPAN NINJA WHILE THERE SEVERAL STYLES MODERN NINJUTSU ACCORDING KORYU RELATED HISTORIC PRACTICE NINJUTSU JAPAN CONSIDERED KORY CONTENTS HIDE ETYMOLOGY HISTORY NINJUTSU SKILLS NINJA HAKKEI SCHOOLS NINJUTSU ALSO REFERENCES EXTERNAL LINKS EDIT ETYMOLOGY MAIN CHARACTER COMPOSED LESSER CHARACTERS UPPER CHARACTER MEANS BLADE LOWER CHARACTER KOKORO KOKORO MEANS HEART SPIRIT TOGETHER THEY MEAN STEALTH SECRETNESS ENDURANCE PERSEVERANCE JUTSU JUTSU MEANS TECHNIQUE MEANING KNOWLEDGE PRINCIPLE WHEN FOUND WITH PREFIX CARRIES MEANING NINJA ARTS HIGHER ORDER NINJUTSU POPULAR VIEW THAT NINJUTSU ONLY ABOUT SECRECY STEALTH HOWEVER PRACTITIONERS THIS KNOWLEDGE UTILIZE ENDURE LIFE'S HARDSHIPS EDIT HISTORY NINJUTSU DEVELOPED GROUPS PEOPLE MAINLY FROM PROVINCE SHIGA JAPAN THROUGHOUT HISTORY SHINOBI HAVE BEEN SEEN ASSASSINS SCOUTS SPIES THEY MAINLY NOTED THEIR STEALTH DECEPTION THEY HAVE BEEN ASSOCIATED PUBLIC IMAGINATION WITH ACTIVITIES THAT CONSIDERED CRIMINAL MODERN STANDARDS THROUGHOUT HISTORY MANY DIFFERENT SCHOOLS HAVE TAUGHT THEIR UNIQUE VERSIONS NINJUTSU EXAMPLE THESE TOGAKURE-RY THIS DEVELOPED AFTER DEFEATED SAMURAI WARRIOR CALLED DAISUKE TOGAKURE ESCAPED REGION LATER CAME CONTACT WITH WARRIOR-MONK KAIN DOSHI TAUGHT VIEWING LIFE MEANS SURVIVAL NINJUTSU NINJUTSU DEVELOPED COLLECTION FUNDAMENTAL SURVIVALIST TECHNIQUES WARRING STATE FEUDAL JAPAN NINJA USED THEIR ENSURE THEIR SURVIVAL TIME VIOLENT POLITICAL TURMOIL NINJUTSU INCLUDED METHODS GATHERING INFORMATION TECHNIQUES NON-DETECTION AVOIDANCE MISDIRECTION NINJUTSU ALSO INVOLVE TRAINING DISGUISE ESCAPE CONCEALMENT ARCHERY MEDICINE EXPLOSIVES POISONS SKILLS RELATING ESPIONAGE ASSASSINATION WERE HIGHLY USEFUL WARRING FACTIONS FEUDAL JAPAN BECAUSE THESE ACTIVITIES WERE SEEN DISHONORABLE JAPANESE WARRIORS HIRED PEOPLE EXISTED BELOW JAPAN'S SOCIAL CLASSES PERFORM THESE TASKS THESE PERSONS WERE LITERALLY CALLED NON-HUMANS HININ SOME POINT SKILLS ESPIONAGE BECAME KNOWN COLLECTIVELY NINJUTSU PEOPLE SPECIALIZED THESE TASKS WERE CALLED SHINOBI MONO SOMEWHAT LATER THEY WERE CALLED NINJA EVENTUALLY NINJUTSU BECAME ESSENTIAL WARFARE THAT SOME SAMURAI BEGAN PRACTICE THESE TECHNIQUES FINALLY THEY INCORPORATED NINJUTSU TRAINING INTO THEIR FORMAL MARTIAL ARTS SCHOOLS NINJUTSU SHOULD REFER ONLY SPECIFIC BRANCH JAPANESE MARTIAL ARTS OTHERWISE WORD NINJUTSU USED HISTORICAL SENSE EDIT NINJUTSU SKILLS NINJA HAKKEI ACCORDING BUJINKAN MEMBERS EIGHTEEN DISCIPLINES HAKKEI HACHI-KEI WERE FIRST STATED SCROLLS TOGAKURE-RY SUBSEQUENTLY THEY BECAME DEFINITIVE NINJUTSU SCHOOLS PROVIDING TOTAL TRAINING WARRIOR VARIOUS FIGHTING ARTS DISCIPLINES NINJA HAKKEI OFTEN STUDIED ALONG WITH BUGEI HAPPAN SAMURAI FIGHTING SKILLS THOUGH SOME USED SAME BOTH SAMURAI NINJA OTHER TECHNIQUES WERE USED DIFFERENTLY GROUPS DISCIPLINES SEISHIN-TEKI SPIRITUAL REFINEMENT TAIJUTSU UNARMED COMBAT USING ONE'S BODY ONLY WEAPON KENJUTSU SWORD FIGHTING JUTSU STICK STAFF FIGHTING SHURIKENJUTSU THROWING SHURIKEN JUTSU SPEAR FIGHTING NAGINATAJUTSU NAGINATA FIGHTING KUSARIGAMAJUTSU KUSARIGAMA FIGHTING KAYAKUJUTSU PYROTECHNICS EXPLOSIVES HENS JUTSU DISGUISE IMPERSONATION SHINOBI-IRI STEALTH ENTERING METHODS BAJUTSU HORSEMANSHIP SUI-REN WATER TRAINING RYAKU TACTIC ESPIONAGE INTONJUTSU ESCAPING CONCEALMENT TENMON METEOROLOGY CHI-MON GEOGRAPHY TODAY MAIN FOCUS NINJUTSU DEALS WITH TECHNIQUES RELEVANT ARMED UNARMED COMBAT EDIT SCHOOLS NINJUTSU BEEN SUGGESTED THAT THIS SECTION SPLIT INTO ARTICLE ENTITLED SCHOOLS NINJUTSU DISCUSS THIS SECTION NEEDS SOURCES REFERENCES THAT APPEAR RELIABLE THIRD-PARTY PUBLICATIONS PRIMARY SOURCES SOURCES AFFILIATED WITH SUBJECT ARTICLE GENERALLY SUFFICIENT WIKIPEDIA ARTICLE PLEASE INCLUDE MORE APPROPRIATE CITATIONS FROM RELIABLE SOURCES DISCUSS ISSUE TALK PAGE THIS ARTICLE BEEN TAGGED SINCE MARCH THIS SECTION NEEDS ADDITIONAL CITATIONS VERIFICATION PLEASE HELP IMPROVE THIS ARTICLE ADDING RELIABLE REFERENCES UNSOURCED MATERIAL CHALLENGED REMOVED JANUARY THIS SECTION REQUIRE CLEANUP MEET WIKIPEDIA'S QUALITY STANDARDS PLEASE IMPROVE THIS ARTICLE MASAAKI HATSUMI DEMONSTRATING NINJUTSU TECHNIQUES MIND BODY KICK MOVESWHILE OTHER TRADITIONAL MARTIAL ARTS SUCH TENSHIN SHODEN KATORI SHINT CONTAIN SOME ASPECTS NINJUTSU THEIR CURRICULUM NINJUTSU SCHOOLS SEVERAL SCHOOLS NINJUTSU PURPORTEDLY EXIST SOME WHICH CLAIM TRACED BACK JAPANESE ORIGINS THOUGH THIS CONTROVERSIAL BUJINKAN ORGANIZATION HEADED MASAAKI HATSUMI MANY ORGANIZATIONS CLAIMING TEACH MAINSTREAM NINJUTSU HOWEVER HATSUMI STATED THAT MODIFIED NINJUTSU MANLY LEARNED FROM TOSHITSUGU TAKAMATSU WITH ADDITIONS LIKE PISTOL SKILLS BETTER SUIT MODERN WAYS HATSUMI'S BUJINKAN CONSISTS NINE SEPARATE SCHOOLS ALLEGEDLY TRADITIONAL JAPANESE MARTIAL ARTS ONLY THREE WHICH TITLED NINJUTSU OTHER SCHOOLS BEING SAMURAI ORIGIN THESE CLAIMS OPPOSED SOME HISTORIANS KORYU ARTS AKBAN ORGANIZATION USES BUJINKAN CURRICULUM USED WHEN DORON NAVON FIRST FOREIGN BUJINKAN SHIHAN STUDIED UNDER HATSUMI BANKE SHINOBINODEN GROUP CLAIM TEACH KOKA NINJUTSU JAPAN JINICHI KAWAKAMI STUDENT YASUSHI KIYOMOTO CLAIM LAST PRACTITIONERS NINJUTSU WHICH CONTRY SOME EXTERNAL VIEWS JINICHI KAWAKAMI CLAIMS HAVE BEEN TAUGHT MASAZO ISHIDA SAYS LAST REMAINING NINJUTSU PRACTITIONERS ALIVE HOWEVER THOMAS DILLON WRITES KNOWS ANYTHING ABOUT ISHIDA VERY NINJA-LIKE ALSO KAWAKAMI CLAIMS TEACH ONLY STYLE NINJUTSU KOKA KOGA NINJUTSU WHICH LINKED KOGA WADA STYLE TAUGHT LATE FUJITA SEIKO JINICHI KAWAKAMI FUJITA SEIKO CONNECTED RELATED GENBUKAN WORLD NINPO BUGEI FEDERATION HEADED SHOTO TANEMURA STOPPED TRAINING WITH HATSUMI AFTER ACHIEVEING MENKYO KAIDEN BUJINKAN CREATED ORGANIZATION ORDER MAINTAIN ANCIENT NINJA TRADITION THAT CHANGING RAPIDLY ADAPT MODERN WORLD JINENKAN ORGANIZATION HEADED FUMIO MANAKA ACHIEVED MENKYO KAIDEN BUJINKAN FOUNDED JINENKAN FOCUSES HEAVILY BASICS WORKING MOVE NATURALLY HARMONIZING ONESELF WITH NATURAL FLOW ELEMENTS KOKA KOGA SURVIVED INTO CENTURY UNDER CARE FUJITA SEIKO- HEADMASTER KOKA- WADA-HA NINJUTSU FUJITA MARTIAL ARTIST INSTRUCTOR NAKANO SCHOOL DURING WORLD EVEN BEING SENT CHINA MISSION DEATH ENDED TRADITION JIZAIKAN ORGANIZATION HEADED THOMAS JOTOSHI MAIENZA STUDIED UNDER BUJINKAN NINJUTSU TRADITION CITATION NEEDED HEAD QUEST CENTERS TIME PRODUCER MANY HAYES WORKS CITATION NEEDED ALSO TRAINED DAIT AIKI-J JUTSU AMONGST OTHER DISCIPLINES SCHOOLS STUDY UNDER BOTH NINJA SAMURAI MARTIAL ARTS TRADITIONS QUEST CENTERS HEADED STEPHEN HAYES STUDIED UNDER MASAAKI HATSUMI PERSON FIRST BROUGHT NINJUTSU AMERICA FOUNDING FIRST NINJUTSU DOJO WESTERN HEMISPHERE ATLANTA GEORGIA MID- HAYES RELOCATED DAYTON OHIO AROUND WHERE CONTINUED TEACH NUMBER YEARS TEACHES WESTERNIZED SYSTEM TO-SHIN BANSENSHUKAI NINJUTSU ORGANIZATION FOUNDED SCOTT DAMRON BUCKLEY LONNIE ESTEP SHARE BACKGROUNDS BUJINKAN NINPO TAIJUTSU TO-SHIN AMERICAN JUJITSU SCHOOL TENSHIN SWEET SOUR GENERIC TERM THAT ENCOMPASSES MANY STYLES SAUCE CUISINE COOKING METHODS LONG BEEN POPULAR NORTH AMERICA EUROPE WHERE STEREOTYPICALLY CONSIDERED COMPONENT STANDARD CHINESE CUISINE DOES FACT ORIGINATE FROM CHINA ALSO USED SOME AMERICAN EUROPEAN CUISINES CONTENTS HIDE EASTERN CHINESE CUISINE WESTERN CUISINE REFERENCES ALSO EXTERNAL LINKS EDIT EASTERN CHINESE CUISINE SOME AUTHORS THAT ORIGINAL SWEET SOUR CAME FROM CHINESE PROVINCE HUNAN SAUCE THIS AREA WEAK VINEGAR SUGAR MIXTURE RESEMBLING WHAT MOST PEOPLE INCLUDING CHINESE WOULD CALL SWEET SOUR MANY PLACES CHINA SWEET SOUR SAUCE DIPPING SAUCE FISH MEAT RATHER THAN COOK STYLE WESTERN CUISINE THIS STYLE USING SAUCES POPULAR AMONGST CHINESE CERTAIN SAUCES PARTICULAR MEATS SUCH CHILI SHRIMP VINEGAR GARLIC GOOSE THERE HOWEVER SOME DISHES SUCH CANTONESE SWEET SOUR PORK LOONG SWEET SOUR LOBSTER BALLS WHICH MEAT COOKED SAUCE ADDED BEFORE SERVING DISHES COOKED SOME SUCH SWEET SOUR FRUIT VEGETABLE SALAD FROM EASTERN REGIONS CHINA ALSO FIND THEIR CHINESE CUISINE THIS DISH COMBINES SALAD VEGETABLES SUCH CUCUMBER TOMATO BELL PEPPER ONION WITH MIXTURE PINEAPPLE VINEGAR SUGAR MAKE COLD SERVED DISH CHINA TRADITIONALLY SAUCES MADE FROM MIXING SUGAR HONEY WITH SOUR LIQUID SUCH RICE VINEGAR SAUCE SPICES SUCH GINGER CLOVES SOMETIMES PASTE MADE FROM TOMATOES USED THIS RARE NORMALLY RESTRICTED WESTERN COOKING CANTONESE SWEET SOUR SAUCE DIRECT ANCESTOR SAUCE SAME NAME WEST ORIGINALLY DEVELOPED SWEET SOUR PORK LATE RENOWNED CHEF FROM HONG KONG LEUNG KING INCLUDED FOLLOWING SWEET SOUR SOURCE SAUCE RECIPE WHITE RICE VINEGAR SALT CHINESE BROWN CANDY KETCHUP WORCESTERSHIRE SAUCE DARK SAUCE HONG KONG'S GOURMET WILLIE HIMSELF LONG TIME FRIEND LEUNG SUGGESTS CONTEMPORARY EATERIES RESORT CHEAP BULK MANUFACTURED VERSIONS VINEGAR KETCHUP WORCESTERSHIRE SAUCE SAUCE WILL RISK BEING SHARP TASTE BREAKING BALANCE FLAVOURS SUGGESTS MORE ACIDIC WHITE RICE VINEGAR COULD REPLACED WITH APPLE CIDER VINEGAR KETCHUP WORCESTERSHIRE SAUCE SHOULD RENOWNED GOURMET BRANDS EDIT WESTERN CUISINE WESTERN CULTURES SWEET SOUR SAUCE DIFFERENT WAYS DISHES EITHER INCLUDE SAUCE INGREDIENT COOKING SAUCE POUR-OVER DIPPING SAUCE MEAL CHINESE RESTAURANTS WESTERN COUNTRIES COMMONLY SERVE CHICKEN PORK SHRIMP THAT BEEN BATTERED DEEP-FRIED THEN SERVED WITH SWEET SOUR SAUCE POURED OVER MEAT ALTHOUGH THIS PREPARATION CONSIDERED TRADITIONAL ACROSS AMERICAN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES DOES RESEMBLE AUTHENTIC CHINESE METHODS PREPARATION EXCEPT THOSE FOUND CERTAIN CANTONESE HUNAN REGIONS EUROPE ALSO COMMON FIND SWEET SOUR SAUCE COOKED WITH SLICED GREEN PEPPERS ONIONS PINEAPPLE BEFORE POURED OVER MEAT MANY WESTERN DISHES INVOLVE COOKING MEAT WITH VARIETY INGREDIENTS MAKE COMPLETE SWEET SOUR DISH MANNER MOST POPULAR DISHES THOSE PORK SHRIMP FRENCH CUISINE BEEN DEVELOPED CONTRARY TRADITIONAL FRENCH COOKING PRACTICES PREPARATION SWEET SOUR SAUCE AIGRE-DOUCE OFTEN INVOLVES IMMERSING FOOD PLENTIFUL AMOUNT SAUCE COMMON WESTERN SWEET SOUR SAUCE ADDITION FRUITS SUCH PINEAPPLE VEGETABLES SUCH SWEET PEPPER GREEN ONIONS TRADITIONAL RICE VINEGAR BECOMING MORE READILY AVAILABLE INCREASE ASIAN FOOD STORES MIXTURE VINEGAR SHERRY OFTEN STILL USED SWEET SOUR DISHES ALSO COMMON TOMATO KETCHUP GIVE STRONGER COLOUR DISH WESTERN TASTE MOREOVER MOST SUPERMARKETS ACROSS EUROPE AMERICA CARRY RANGE PREPARED SWEET SOUR SAUCES EITHER ADDING STIR-FRY DIPPING SAUCE PRIMARILY NORTH AMERICA SWEET SOUR SAUCE AVAILABLE SMALL PLASTIC PACKETS CONTAINERS CHINESE TAKE-OUT ESTABLISHMENTS DIPPING SAUCE NUMBER VARIATIONS USED BARBECUE CUISINE EITHER HOME-MADE PREPARED FROM NUMBER COMMON BRANDS BESIDES AMERICAN CHINESE RESTAURANTS POPULAR FAST FOOD RESTAURANTS SUCH MCDONALD'S BURGER KING OFTEN CARRY SWEET SOUR SAUCE PACKETS EDIT REFERENCES SIMOONS FREDERICK FOOD CHINA CULTURAL HISTORICAL INQUIRY PRESS BOCA RATON ANDERSONTOFU ALSO JAPANESE ROMAJI SPELLING DOUFU CHINESE PINYIN SPELLING OFTEN USED CHINESE RECIPES BEAN CURD LITERAL TRANSLATION FOOD CHINESE ORIGIN MADE COAGULATING MILK THEN PRESSING RESULTING CURDS INTO BLOCKS THERE MANY DIFFERENT VARIETIES TOFU INCLUDING FRESH TOFU TOFU THAT BEEN PROCESSED SOME TOFU VERY LITTLE FLAVOR SMELL USED EITHER SAVORY SWEET DISHES OFTEN SEASONED MARINATED SUIT DISH PRODUCTION TOFU FROM MILK SIMILAR PRODUCTION CHEESE FROM MILK ALTHOUGH SOME TOFU MADE PROCESSING NON-SOY PRODUCTS SUCH ALMONDS BLACK BEANS BYPRODUCT PROCESS PULP ALSO CALLED OKARA JAPANESE TOFU ORIGINATED ANCIENT CHINA LITTLE ELSE KNOWN ABOUT ORIGINS TOFU METHOD PRODUCTION TOFU PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE WERE SUBSEQUENTLY INTRODUCED INTO JAPAN NARA PERIOD LATE EIGHTH CENTURY WELL OTHER PARTS EAST ASIA THIS SPREAD LIKELY COINCIDED WITH SPREAD BUDDHISM IMPORTANT SOURCE PROTEINS RELIGION'S VEGETARIAN DIET TOFU CALORIES CONTAINS BENEFICIAL AMOUNTS IRON ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT WOMEN CHILD-BEARING SATURATED CHOLESTEROL DEPENDING COAGULANT USED MANUFACTURING TOFU ALSO HIGH CALCIUM IMPORTANT BONE DEVELOPMENT MAINTENANCE MAGNESIUM ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT ATHLETES TOFU ALSO CONTAINS ISOFLAVONES WHICH MIMIC NATURAL HUMAN ESTROGENS HAVE VARIETY HARMFUL BENEFICIAL EFFECTS WHEN EATEN SUFFICIENT QUANTITIES CONTENTS HIDE PRODUCTION SALT COAGULANTS ACID COAGULANTS ENZYME COAGULANTS VARIETIES FRESH TOFU PROCESSED TOFU FERMENTED FLAVORED FRIED FROZEN BYPRODUCTS TOFU PRODUCTION TOFU SKIN OKARA TOFU MADE FROM OTHER LEGUMES GRAINS PREPARATION EASTERN METHODS LIGHTLY FLAVORED FRIED SOUPS STEWS BRAISED DISHES FLAVORING WESTERN METHODS HISTORY THREE THEORIES ORIGIN ASIA WEST NUTRITION HEALTH INFORMATION PROTEIN ISOFLAVONES SALES DISTRIBUTION ETYMOLOGY ALSO NOTES REFERENCES EXTERNAL LINKS EDIT PRODUCTION TOFU MADE COAGULATING MILK PRESSING RESULTING CURDS ALTHOUGH PRE-MADE MILK USED MOST TOFU PRODUCERS BEGIN MAKING THEIR MILK WHICH PRODUCED SOAKING GRINDING BOILING STRAINING DRIED LESS COMMONLY FRESH SOYBEANS COAGULATION PROTEIN EMULSION SUSPENDED BOILED MILK MOST IMPORTANT STEP PRODUCTION TOFU THIS PROCESS ACCOMPLISHED WITH COAGULANTS TYPES COAGULANTS SALTS ACIDS USED COMMERCIALLY THIRD TYPE COAGULANT ENZYMES USED COMMERCIALLY SHOWS POTENTIAL PRODUCING BOTH FIRM SILKEN TOFU EDIT SALT COAGULANTS CALCIUM SULFATE GYPSUM TRADITIONAL MOST WIDELY USED COAGULANT PRODUCE CHINESE-STYLE TOFU PRODUCES TOFU THAT TENDER SLIGHTLY BRITTLE TEXTURE COAGULANT ITSELF PERCEIVABLE TASTE THIS COAGULANT ALSO MAKES TOFU THAT RICH CALCIUM IMPORTANT MINERAL TREATING PREVENTING OSTEOPOROSIS SUCH MANY TOFU MANUFACTURERS CHOOSE THIS COAGULANT ABLE MARKET THEIR TOFU GOOD SOURCE CALCIUM CHLORIDE-TYPE NIGARI SALTS LUSHUI CHINESE MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE CALCIUM CHLORIDE BOTH THESE SALTS HAVE HIGH SOLUBILITY RATE WATER AFFECT PROTEIN SAME WHEREAS GYPSUM ONLY VERY SLIGHTLY SOLUBLE WATER ACTS DIFFERENTLY PROTEIN PRECIPITATION BASIS TOFU FORMATION THESE COAGULANTS USED MAKE TOFU WITH SMOOTH TENDER TEXTURE JAPAN WHITE POWDER CALLED NIGARI WHICH CONSISTS PRIMARILY MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE PRODUCED FROM SEAWATER AFTER SODIUM CHLORIDE REMOVED WATER EVAPORATED WHICH CALLED LUSHUI CHINA DEPENDING PRODUCTION METHOD NIGARI LUSHUI ALSO CONTAIN SMALL QUANTITIES MAGNESIUM SULFATE EPSOM SALT POTASSIUM CHLORIDE CALCIUM CHLORIDE TRACE AMOUNTS OTHER NATURALLY OCCURRING SALTS ALTHOUGH TERM NIGARI DERIVED FROM NIGAI JAPANESE WORD BITTER NEITHER NIGARI PURE MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE IMPARTS PERCEIVABLE TASTE FINISHED TOFU CALCIUM CHLORIDE COMMON COAGULANT TOFU NORTH AMERICA EDIT ACID COAGULANTS GLUCONO DELTA-LACTONE NATURALLY OCCURRING ORGANIC ACID ALSO USED CHEESE MAKING WHICH PRODUCES VERY FINE TEXTURED TOFU THAT ALMOST JELLY-LIKE THIS COAGULANT USED ESPECIALLY SILKEN SOFTER TOFUS CONFERS ALMOST IMPERCEPTIBLE SOUR TASTE FINISHED PRODUCT COMMONLY USED TOGETHER WITH CALCIUM SULFATE GIVE SOFT TOFU SMOOTH TENDER TEXTURE EDIT ENZYME COAGULANTS AMONG ENZYMES THAT HAVE BEEN SHOWN PRODUCE TOFU PAPAIN ALKALINE NEUTRAL PROTEINASES FROM MICROORGANISMS CASE PAPAIN ENZYME SUBSTRATE RATIO WEIGHT HELD CONSTANT ALIQUOT CRUDE PAPAIN ADDED UNCOOKED MILK ROOM TEMPERATURE HEATED DEGREES CELSIUS CONTEMPORARY TOFU MANUFACTURERS CHOOSE MORE THESE COAGULANTS SINCE THEY EACH PLAY ROLE PRODUCING DESIRED TEXTURE FINISHED TOFU DIFFERENT TEXTURES RESULT FROM DIFFERENT PORE SIZES OTHER MICROSCOPIC FEATURES TOFUS PRODUCED USING EACH COAGULANT COAGULANT MIXTURE DISSOLVED INTO WATER SOLUTION THEN STIRRED INTO BOILED MILK UNTIL MIXTURE CURDLES INTO SOFT CURDS PROCESSED DIFFERENTLY DEPENDING FORM TOFU THAT BEING MANUFACTURED SOFT SILKEN TOFU DòUF TOFU FLOWER DòUHU MILK CURDLED DIRECTLY TOFU'S SELLING PACKAGE STANDARD FIRM ASIAN TOFU CURD STRAINED EXCESS LIQUID USING CHEESE CLOTH MUSLIN THEN LIGHTLY PRESSED PRODUCE SOFT CAKE FIRMER TOFUS SUCH ASIAN TOFU WESTERN TYPES TOFU FURTHER PRESSED REMOVE EVEN MORE LIQUID VIETNAM CURD STRAINED MOLDED SQUARE MOLD PRODUCT CALLED KHUôN MOLDED BEAN VIETNAMESE WAYS PRONOUNCE CHINESE DOUFU TOFU CURDS ALLOWED COOL BECOME FIRM FINISHED TOFU THEN INTO PIECES FLAVORED FURTHER PROCESSED ALTHOUGH TARTNESS SOMETIMES DESIRED DESSERT TOFU ACID USED FLAVORING USUALLY PRIMARY COAGULANT SINCE DESIRABLE FLAVOR TEXTURE RESULTING TOFU SUFFICIENTLY HIGH CONCENTRATION INDUCE COAGULATION SOUR TASTE TOFU SLIGHT CLOUDINESS STORING LIQUID ALSO USUALLY INDICATION BACTERIAL GROWTH HENCE SPOILAGE EDIT VARIETIES THERE WIDE VARIETY TOFU AVAILABLE BOTH WESTERN EASTERN MARKETS DESPITE DAUNTING VARIETY TOFU PRODUCTS SPLIT INTO MAIN CATEGORIES FRESH TOFU WHICH PRODUCED DIRECTLY FROM MILK PROCESSED TOFU WHICH PRODUCED FROM FRESH TOFU TOFU PRODUCTION ALSO CREATES IMPORTANT SIDE PRODUCTS WHICH OFTEN USED VARIOUS CUISINES EDIT FRESH TOFU DEPENDING AMOUNT WATER THAT EXTRACTED FROM TOFU CURDS FRESH TOFU DIVIDED INTO THREE MAIN VARIETIES SILKEN TOFU WITH SAUCE DECORATIVE CARROT SLICESOFT SILKEN TOFU DòUF DòUF CHINESE SOFT TOFU SMOOTH TOFU KINUGOSHI JAPANESE SILK-FILTERED TOFU SUNDUBU KOREAN PURE TOFU THIS UNDRAINED TOFU CONTAINS HIGHEST MOISTURE CONTENT FRESH TOFUS TEXTURE DESCRIBED SIMILAR THAT VERY FINE CUSTARD JAPAN KOREA TRADITIONAL SOFT TOFU MADE WITH SEAWATER DOUHUA DòUF CHINESE TOFU BRAIN DòUF CHINESE OFTEN EATEN DESSERT SOMETIMES WITH SALTY PICKLES SAUCE ADDED INSTEAD ANOTHER TYPE SOFT TOFU WITH EVEN HIGHER MOISTURE CONTENT BECAUSE NEARLY IMPOSSIBLE PICK THIS TYPE TOFU WITH CHOPSTICKS GENERALLY EATEN WITH SPOON EDAMAME TOFU JAPANESE VARIETY KINUGOSHI MADE FROM EDAMAME FRESH GREEN SOYBEANS PALE GREEN COLOR OFTEN STUDDED WITH WHOLE EDAMAME ASIAN FIRM TOFU SIMPLY CALLED DòUF CITATION NEEDED CHINESE MOMEND JAPANESE COTTON TOFU ALTHOUGH DRAINED PRESSED THIS FORM FRESH TOFU STILL CONTAINS GREAT AMOUNT MOISTURE FIRMNESS MEAT BOUNCES BACK READILY WHEN PRESSED TEXTURE INSIDE TOFU SIMILAR THAT FIRM CUSTARD SKIN THIS FORM TOFU PATTERN MUSLIN USED DRAIN SLIGHTLY MORE RESILIENT DAMAGE THAN INSIDE PICKED EASILY WITH CHOPSTICKS WESTERN FIRM DRIED TOFU CHINESE TOFU EXTRA FIRM VARIETY TOFU WITH LEAST AMOUNT MOISTURE FRESH TOFUS FIRMNESS FULLY COOKED MEAT SOMEWHAT RUBBERY FEEL SIMILAR PANEER WHEN SLICED THINLY THIS TOFU CRUMBLED EASILY SKIN THIS FORM TOFU PATTERN MUSLIN USED DRAIN PRESS WESTERN FIRM TOFU MILLED REFORMED AFTER PRESSING SOMETIMES LACKS SKIN WITH CLOTH PATTERNING VARIETY DRIED TOFU PRESSED ESPECIALLY FLAT SLICED INTO LONG STRINGS WITH CROSS SECTION SMALLER THAN SHREDDED DRIED TOFU CHINESE SIMPLY WHICH LOOKS LIKE LOOSE COOKED NOODLES SERVED COLD STIR-FRIED SIMILAR STYLE JAPANESE ABURAAGE FRESH TOFU USUALLY SOLD COMPLETELY IMMERSED WATER MAINTAIN MOISTURE CONTENT EDIT PROCESSED TOFU MANY FORMS PROCESSED TOFUS EXIST VARIED WAYS WHICH FRESH TOFU USED SOME THESE TECHNIQUES LIKELY ORIGINATE FROM NEED PRESERVE TOFU BEFORE DAYS REFRIGERATION INCREASE SHELF LIFE LONGEVITY OTHER PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES EMPLOYED CREATE TOFUS WITH UNIQUE TEXTURES FLAVORS EDIT FERMENTED PICKLED TOFU CHINESE PINYIN DòUF TOFU DAIRY CHAO VIETNAMESE ALSO CALLED PRESERVED TOFU FERMENTED TOFU THIS FOOD CONSISTS CUBES DRIED TOFU THAT HAVE BEEN ALLOWED FULLY AIR-DRY UNDER SLOWLY FERMENT FROM AERIAL BACTERIA FERMENTED TOFU THEN SOAKED SALT WATER CHINESE WINE VINEGAR MINCED CHILES UNIQUE MIXTURE WHOLE RICE BEAN PASTE SOYBEANS CASE PICKLED TOFU CHINESE PINYIN HóNG DòUF YEAST RICE CULTIVATED WITH MONASCUS PURPUREUS ADDED COLOR STINKY TOFU CHINESE PINYIN CHòU DòUF SOFT TOFU THAT BEEN FERMENTED UNIQUE VEGETABLE OKARA PULP WHITE YELLOWISH PULP CONSISTING INSOLUBLE PARTS SOYBEAN WHICH REMAIN FILTER SACK WHEN PUREED SOYBEANS FILTERED PRODUCTION MILK PART TRADITIONAL CUISINES JAPAN KOREA CHINA SINCE CENTURY ALSO BEEN USED VEGETARIAN CUISINES WESTERN NATIONS OKARA HIGH FIBER ALSO CONTAINS PROTEIN CALCIUM IRON RIBOFLAVIN CONTAINS MOISTURE SOLIDS PROTEIN WEIGHT BASIS OKARA CONTAINS PROTEIN FATS CRUDE FIBER CONTAINS PROTEIN FROM ORIGINAL SOYBEANS EDIT USES WHILE RELATIVELY FLAVOURLESS WHEN EATEN USED STEWS SUCH KOREAN BIJI-JJIGAE PHOTO PORRIDGES TASTE NEUTRAL ADDITION BREAD PASTRY DOUGHS JAPAN USED SIDE DISH CALLED UNOHANA PHOTO WHICH CONSISTS OKARA COOKED WITH SAUCE MIRIN SLICED CARROTS BURDOCK ROOT SHIITAKE MUSHROOMS OCCASIONALLY UNOHANA USED SUBSTITUTE RICE SUSHI OKARA ALSO FERMENTED WITH FUNGUS RHIZOPUS OLIGOSPORUS MAKE OKARA TEMPEH CALLED TEMPE GEMBUS INDONESIAN OKARA ALSO EATEN SHANDONG CUISINE EASTERN CHINA STEAMING MIXTURE OKARA THAT BEEN FORMED INTO BLOCKS DOUFU LITERALLY TOFU FROM SEDIMENT RESIDUE ALSO KNOWN XIAO DOUFU DOUFU LITERALLY LITTLE TOFU VEGETABLE TOFU OFTEN DISH MADE DIRECTLY FROM GROUND SOYBEANS WITHOUT FIRST TURNING INTO OKARA TEXTURE THIS DISH VAGUELY RESEMBLES POLENTA VEGAN OKARA BURGERSHOWEVER SIGNIFICANT BYPRODUCT MILK TOFU MANUFACTURING OKARA COMMONLY USED ANIMAL FEED SINCE PRODUCTION USUALLY EXCEEDS DEMANDS HUMAN CONSUMPTION THIS REASON UNCOMMON TOFU KONGBAP FROM WIKIPEDIA FREE ENCYCLOPEDIA JUMP NAVIGATION SEARCH KONGBAP BOWL KONGBAP KOREAN NAME HANGUL HANJA NONE REVISED ROMANIZATION KONG MCCUNE- REISCHAUER KONG KONGBAP KOREAN DISH CONSISTING WHITE BROWN RICE COOKED TOGETHER WITH MORE BEANS SOMETIMES ALSO OTHER GRAINS KONGBAP MADE FROM SCRATCH COMBINING COOKING TOGETHER DRIED RICE BEANS ALTHOUGH ALSO COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE PREMIXED DRIED FORM CLEAR PLASTIC PACKAGES GROCERY STORES THROUGHOUT KOREA WELL KOREAN GROCERY STORES OTHER NATIONS PHOTO ALTHOUGH EXACT MIXTURE VARY TYPICAL INGREDIENTS INCLUDE SHORT-GRAIN BROWN RICE GREEN PEAS AZUKI BEANS BLACK SOYBEANS JOB'S TEARS BLACK GLUTINOUS RICE BARLEY SORGHUM ANOTHER TYPICAL MIXTURE CONSISTS ONLY WHITE RICE GREEN PEAS PHOTO DRIED KONGBAP MIXTURE GENERALLY SOAKED WATER SEVERAL HOURS OVERNIGHT BEFORE COOKING ORDER THAT BEANS WILL BECOME SOFT ENOUGH DURING COOKING CONTENTS HIDE KONGBAP CULTURE REFERENCES EXTERNAL LINKS ALSO EDIT KONGBAP CULTURE BOWL KONGBAP BEFORE COOKING ALTHOUGH GENERALLY ACKNOWLEDGED HEALTHFUL NUTRITIOUS FOOD KONGBAP UNIVERSALLY ENJOYED GENERALLY AVAILABLE KOREAN RESTAURANTS CITATION NEEDED BEING ASSOCIATED WITH IMPRISONMENT KONGBAP LONG BEEN STAPLE KOREAN PRISON FOOD INDEED KOREAN PHRASE KONGBAP MEOKDA LITERALLY KONGBAP TRANSLATES COLLOQUIALLY IMPRISONED EDIT REFERENCES KOREAN REASON KONGBAP REPLACED WITH BORIBAP FROM JOONGANG ILBO KOREAN DEFINITION COMMON PHRASES KONGBAP FROM EMPAS KOREAN DICTIONARY EDIT EXTERNAL LINKS KOREAN GENERAL INFORMATION RECIPE HYEONMI KONGBAP EDIT ALSO RICE BEANS THIS ARTICLE KOREAN CUISINE STUB HELP EXPANDING RETRIEVED FROM HTTP WIKIPEDIA WIKI KONGBAP CATEGORIES KOREAN CUISINE RICE DISHES LEGUME DISHES KOREAN CUISINE STUBS HIDDEN CATEGORIES ARTICLES WITH UNSOURCED STATEMENTS ARTICLES WITH UNSOURCED STATEMENTS SINCE NOVEMBER VIEWSARTICLE DISCUSSION EDIT THIS PAGE HISTORY PERSONAL TOOLSLOG CREATE ACCOUNT NAVIGATION MAIN PAGE CONTENTS FEATURED CONTENT CURRENT EVENTS RANDOM ARTICLE INTERACTION ABOUT WIKIPEDIA COMMUNITY PORTAL RECENT CHANGES CONTACT WIKIPEDIA DONATE WIKIPEDIA HELP SEARCH TOOLBOX WHAT LINKS HERE RELATED CHANGES UPLOAD FILE SPECIAL PAGES PRINTABLE VERSION PERMANENT LINK CITE THIS PAGE LANGUAGES NEDERLANDS THIS PAGE LAST MODIFIED JUNE TEXT AVAILABLE UNDER TERMS FREE DOCUMENTATION LICENSE COPYRIGHTS DETAILS WIKIPEDIA® REGISTERED TRADEMARK WIKIMEDIA FOUNDATION REGISTERED TAX-DEDUCTIBLE NONPROFIT CHARITY PRIVACY POLICY ABOUT WIKIPEDIA DISCLAIMERS DOORS FROM WIKIPEDIA FREE ENCYCLOPEDIA REDIRECTED FROM DOORS JUMP NAVIGATION SEARCH THIS ARTICLE ABOUT BAND THEIR SELF-TITLED DEBUT ALBUM DOORS ALBUM OLIVER STONE FILM DOORS FILM DOORS COMPUTING DOORS COMPUTING DOORS MORRISON DENSMORE MANZAREK KRIEGER FREQUENTLY USED PICTURE BAND BACKGROUND INFORMATION ORIGIN ANGELES CALIFORNIA UNITED STATES GENRE PSYCHEDELIC ROCK HARD ROCK BLUES-ROCK ACID ROCK YEARS ACTIVE PARTIAL REUNIONS LABEL ELEKTRA RHINO RECORDS COMPILATIONS WEBSITE DOORS MEMBERS MORRISON JOHN DENSMORE MANZAREK ROBBY KRIEGER DOORS WERE INFLUENTIAL AMERICAN ROCK BAND FORMED ANGELES VOCALIST MORRISON KEYBOARDIST MANZAREK DRUMMER JOHN DENSMORE GUITARIST ROBBY KRIEGER THEY WERE CONTROVERSIAL BAND MOSTLY MORRISON'S CRYPTIC LYRICS UNPREDICTABLE STAGE PERSONA BAND DISSOLVED YEAR AFTER MORRISON'S DEATH ACCORDING RIAA THEY HAVE SOLD OVER MILLION ALBUMS ALONE CONTENTS HIDE ORIGINS FORMATION DEBUT ALBUM STRANGE DAYS WAITING MIAMI INCIDENT SOFT PARADE AQUARIUS THEATRE PERFORMANCES MORRISON HOTEL ABSOLUTELY LIVE DECEMBER MORRISON'S POETRY SESSION DECEMBER DOORS' LAST PUBLIC PERFORMANCE APRIL WOMAN POST-MORRISON YEARS MARCH-JULY BEFORE AFTER MORRISON'S DEATH JUNE -AUGUST OTHER VOICES FULL CIRCLE REUNION LEGACY –PRESENT AWARDS MATERIAL BAND MEMBERS DISCOGRAPHY ALSO FURTHER READING REFERENCES EXTERNAL LINKS EDIT EDIT ORIGINS FORMATION DOORS' MUSIC DURING FUSION HARD ROCK BLUES-ROCK ACID ROCK ORIGINS DOORS CHANCE MEETING BETWEEN ACQUAINTANCES FELLOW UCLA FILM SCHOOL ALUMNI MORRISON MANZAREK VENICE BEACH CALIFORNIA JULY MORRISON TOLD MANZAREK BEEN WRITING SONGS MANZAREK'S ENCOURAGEMENT SANG MOONLIGHT DRIVE IMPRESSED MORRISON'S LYRICS MANZAREK SUGGESTED THEY FORM BAND KEYBOARDIST MANZAREK BAND CALLED RICK RAVENS WITH BROTHER RICK MANZAREK WHILE ROBBY KRIEGER JOHN DENSMORE WERE PLAYING WITH PSYCHEDELIC RANGERS KNEW MANZAREK FROM YOGA MEDITATION CLASSES AUGUST DENSMORE JOINED GROUP ALONG WITH MEMBERS RAVENS BASS PLAYER SULLIVAN LATER CREDITED USING MARRIED NAME PATRICIA HANSEN RELEASE RECORDED SIX-SONG DEMO SEPTEMBER THIS WIDELY BOOTLEGGED APPEARED FULL DOORS THAT MONTH GROUP RECRUITED GUITARIST ROBBY KRIEGER FINAL LINEUP MORRISON MANZAREK KRIEGER DENSMORE COMPLETE BAND TOOK THEIR NAME FROM TITLE BOOK ALDOUS HUXLEY DOORS PERCEPTION TITLE BOOK TURN BORROWED FROM LINE POEM CENTURY ARTIST POET WILLIAM BLAKE DOORS PERCEPTION WERE CLEANSED EVERY THING WOULD APPEAR INFINITE DOORS WERE UNUSUAL AMONG ROCK GROUPS BECAUSE THEY BASS GUITAR WHEN PLAYING LIVE INSTEAD MANZAREK PLAYED BASS LINES WITH LEFT HAND NEWLY INVENTED FENDER RHODES BASS KEYBOARD OFFSHOOT WELL-KNOWN FENDER RHODES ELECTRIC PIANO PLAYING OTHER KEYBOARDS WITH RIGHT HAND THEIR STUDIO ALBUMS WITH NOTABLE EXCEPTION THEIR EPONYMOUS FIRST RECORD DOORS BASS PLAYERS SUCH JERRY SCHEFF DOUG LUBAHN ALSO PLAYED WITH CLEAR LIGHT HARVEY BROOKS KERRY MAGNESS LONNIE MACK LARRY KNECHTEL LEROY VINNEGAR NEAPOLITAN MANY DOORS' ORIGINAL SONGS WERE GROUP COMPOSITIONS WITH MORRISON KRIEGER CONTRIBUTING LYRICS INITIAL MELODY OTHERS PROVIDING HARMONIC RHYTHMIC SUGGESTIONS EVEN ENTIRE SECTIONS SONG MANZAREK'S ORGAN INTRODUCTION LIGHT FIRE GROUP PLAYING LONDON CLUB SOON GRADUATED PRESTIGIOUS WHISKY WHERE THEY WERE OPENING MORRISON'S GROUP THEM THEIR LAST NIGHT TOGETHER BANDS JOINED MIDNIGHT HOUR TWENTY MINUTE SESSION THEM'S GLORIA AUGUST THEY WERE SPOTTED ELEKTRA RECORDS PRESIDENT HOLZMAN PRESENT RECOMMENDATION LOVE SINGER ARTHUR WHOSE GROUP ELEKTRA AFTER HOLZMAN PRODUCER PAUL ROTHCHILD SETS BAND PLAYING WHISKY THEY SIGNED THEM ELEKTRA RECORDS LABEL AUGUST —THE START LONG SUCCESSFUL PARTNERSHIP WITH ROTHCHILD ENGINEER BRUCE BOTNICK TIMING FORTUNATE BECAUSE AUGUST CLUB FIRED BAND AFTER PROFANITY-FILLED PERFORMANCE INCIDENT THAT FORESHADOWED CONTROVERSY THAT WOULD FOLLOW GROUP ACID-TRIPPING MORRISON RAUCOUSLY RECITED RENDITION GREEK DRAMA OEDIPUS WHICH PLAY'S PROTAGONIST OEDIPUS KILLS FATHER WITH MOTHER MORRISON'S VERSION CONSISTED FATHER WANT KILL MOTHER WANT FUCK EDIT DEBUT ALBUM DOORS' SELF-TITLED DEBUT RECORDED AUGUST RELEASED FIRST WEEK JANUARY FEATURED MOST MAJOR SONGS FROM THEIR INCLUDING -MINUTE MUSICAL DRAMA BAND RECORDED ALBUM DAYS LATE AUGUST EARLY SEPTEMBER ALMOST ENTIRELY LIVE STUDIO WITH MANY SONGS CAPTURED SINGLE TAKE CITATION NEEDED MORRISON MANZAREK DIRECTED PROMOTIONAL FILM LEAD SINGLE BREAK THROUGH OTHER SIDE SIGNIFICANT ADVANCE DEVELOPMENT MUSIC VIDEO GENRE PROMOTE SINGLE DOORS MADE THEIR TELEVISION DEBUT ANGELES SHOW CALLED SHEBANG MIMING BREAK THROUGH THIS CLIP NEVER BEEN OFFICIALLY RELEASED DOORS SEEN YOUTUBE SECOND SINGLE LIGHT FIRE BECAME SMASH MID- SOLD MILLION RECORDS REACHED BILLBOARD CHARTS ESTABLISHED GROUP VEIN JEFFERSON AIRPLANE GRATEFUL DEAD AMERICA'S VITAL COUNTERCULTURE BANDS RADIO AIRPLAY LONG MIDDLE ORGAN GUITAR SOLOS WERE FROM SONG SEPTEMBER DOORS CAME TORONTO LIVE RECORDING CANADIAN BROADCASTING CORPORATION TAPED FROM THEIR CONCERT O'KEEFE SONY CENTRE SOMETIMES THIS CLIP WOULD SEEN SHOWS LIKE CONCERT HEAVILY BOOTLEGGED AVAILABLE ROCK ROLL RECORD SHOWS OFFICIALLY RELEASED DOORS UNTIL DOORS SOUNDSTAGE PERFORMANCES WHETHER MORE THIS CONCERT TAPED SPECULATION LONG SHOT REMOTE POSSIBILITY EXISTS THAT ENTIRE EARLY DOORS PERFORMANCE RESTS VAULTS DECEMBER DOORS TAPED LIGHT FIRE MOONLIGHT DRIVE LIVE JONATHAN WINTERS SHOW FROM DECEMBER DECEMBER GROUP PLAYED WINTERLAND BALLROOM FRANCISCO EXCERPT TAKEN FROM STEPHEN DAVIS' BOOK MORRISON NEXT NIGHT WINTERLAND WHEELED ONSTAGE DURING DOORS BAND COULD THEMSELVES JONATHAN WINTERS SHOW THEY STOPPED PLAYING BACK DOOR WHEN THEIR SONG CAME AUDIENCE WATCHED DOORS WATCHING THEMSELVES THEY FINISHED SONG WHEN THEIR DONE WALKED OVER TURNED NEXT NIGHT THEIR LAST EVER WINTERLAND THEY PLAYED MORE DATES DENVER DECEMBER DECEMBER CAPPING YEAR ALMOST CONSTANT TOURING EDIT STRANGE DAYS SECOND DOORS STRANGE DAYS NOTED EVOCATIVE LYRICS ATMOSPHERE CONTINUED EXPLORE DEPTHS ACID ROCK CLOSING TRACK WHEN MUSIC'S OVER LIKE LENGTHY DRAMATIC HELPED ESTABLISH MORRISON'S REPUTATION SHAMAN ROCK CITATION NEEDED ALBUM ALSO COMMERCIALLY SUCCESSFUL FEATURED NOW-CLASSIC DOORS SONGS SUCH PEOPLE STRANGE LOVE TIMES EDIT WAITING APRIL RECORDING THIRD ALBUM MARRED TENSION RESULT MORRISON'S INCREASING DEPENDENCE ALCOHOL APPROACHING HEIGHT THEIR POPULARITY DOORS PLAYED SERIES OUTDOOR SHOWS THAT FRENZIED SCENES BETWEEN FANS POLICE PARTICULARLY CHICAGO COLISEUM BAND BEGAN BRANCH PRESS-UP ALSO KNOWN PUSH-UP COMMON STRENGTH TRAINING EXERCISE PERFORMED PRONE POSITION LYING HORIZONTAL FACE DOWN RAISING LOWERING BODY USING ARMS THEY DEVELOP PECTORAL MUSCLES TRICEPS WITH ANCILLARY BENEFITS DELTOIDS SERRATUS ANTERIOR CORACOBRACHIALIS MIDSECTION WHOLE PRESS BASIC EXERCISE USED CIVILIAN ATHLETIC TRAINING PHYSICAL EDUCATION ESPECIALLY MILITARY PHYSICAL TRAINING PRESS-UP ALSO PERFORMED STANDING POSITION AGAINST WALL CONTENTS HIDE HISTORY VARIATIONS GUILLOTINE PRESS PLANCHE PRESS BOXER'S PUSH MALTESE PUSH HINDU PRESS LESS DIFFICULT VERSIONS PLYOMETRICS NON-TRAINING PURPOSES RECORD BREAKERS ATTEMPTS REFERENCES ALSO EXTERNAL LINKS EDIT HISTORY AMERICAN ENGLISH TERM PUSH-UP BEEN USED SINCE BRITISH ENGLISH TERM PRESS-UP FIRST RECORDED EDIT VARIATIONS ANIMATION FULL PRESS FULL PRESS BACK LEGS STRAIGHT FLOOR SEVERAL VARIATIONS SEEN BESIDES COMMON PRESS THESE INCLUDE BRINGING THUMBS INDEX FINGERS BOTH HANDS TOGETHER DIAMOND PRESSUP WELL HAVING ELBOWS POINT TOWARDS KNEES THESE VARIATIONS INTENDED GREATER EMPHASIS TRICEPS RATHER THAN SHOULDER CHEST MUSCLES WHEN BOTH HANDS UNBALANCED UNEVEN SURFACES THIS EXERCISE ALSO WORKS BODY CORE RAISING FEET HANDS ONTO ELEVATED SURFACES DURING EXERCISE EMPHASIZE UPPER LOWER PECTORALS RESPECTIVELY EDIT GUILLOTINE PRESS RELATIVELY EXTREMELY DIFFICULT VARIATION GUILLOTINE PRESS WITH HANDS ELEVATED POINTS LOWER CHEST HEAD NECK THUS NAME PAST PLANE HANDS GETTING FULL STRETCH SHOULDERS THEN RECOVER STARTING POSITION EDIT PLANCHE PRESS ANOTHER EXTREMELY DIFFICULT VARIATION PERFORM PRESS USING ONLY HANDS WITHOUT RESTING FEET FLOOR THESE KNOWN PLANCHE PRESS THIS VARIATION BODY'S CENTER GRAVITY MUST KEPT OVER HANDS WHILE PERFORMING PUSH LEANING FORWARD WHILE LEGS ELEVATED WHICH REQUIRES GREAT STRENGTH HIGH LEVEL BALANCE EDIT BOXER'S PUSH ANOTHER VARIATION OFTEN USED PART BOXING TRAINING INVOLVES DOING PRESS WHILE WEARING BOXING GLOVES DESIGN GLOVES MEANS THAT PERSON DOING PRESS MUST THEIR KNUCKLES WITHOUT BENDING THEIR WRISTS THIS METHOD ALSO COMMONLY USED MARTIAL ARTS SUCH KWON WITHOUT BOXING GLOVES BECAUSE KNUCKLES SUPPORTING BODY'S WEIGHT WHILE DIRECT CONTACT WITH GROUND THIS TYPE TRAINING HARDEN BONE CITATION NEEDED THICKEN SKIN LOWER SENSITIVITY PAIN KNUCKLES THEORY THIS SHOULD ALLOW MORE PUNCHES THROWN FIGHT EDIT MALTESE PUSH MALTESE PUSH GYMNASTIC VARIATION PUSH WHICH HANDS POSITIONED CLOSER HIPS OPPOSED PECTORALS WITH EXTREMELY GREAT DISTANCE BETWEEN THEM EDIT HINDU PRESS HINDU PRESS FORM EXERCISE PREVALENT INDIAN PHYSICAL CULTURE INDIAN MARTIAL ARTS PARTICULARLY PEHLWANI HINDU SQUATS CALLED UTHAK-BETHAK EXERCISE REGIMEN INDIAN WRESTLING OFTEN CONSISTS DOING INDIAN JACK-KNIFING PRESS-UPS INDIAN CLUB SWINGING SQUATS HINDU JACK-KNIFING PRESS PART CORE EXERCISES BUILDING STRENGTH STAMINA FLEXIBILITY JOINTS DAND ALSO PART EXERCISE REGIMEN BRUCE SIMPLE EXERCISES DAND-BAITHAK PRESS SQUATS PRACTICED VILLAGES INDIA BENEFICIAL EFFECT SPINE TAKES STRAIN FROM SPINE MAKES FIGHT OTHER STRAINS SPINE CAUSED ADOPTION ERECT POSTURE AMERICAN COLLEGE SPORTS MEDICINE RECOMMENDS USING PRESS TEST EXAMINE ENDURANCE UPPER-BODY MUSCULATURE MALE SUBJECT ASSUMING DAND POSITION WITH BACK STRAIGHT HEAD HANDS PLACED SHOULDER WIDTH APART LOWERING BODY WITH CHIN TOUCHING ABDOMEN SHOULD TOUCH EDIT LESS DIFFICULT VERSIONS MARINES COUNT PUSH-UPS THERE SOME LESS DIFFICULT VERSIONS WHICH REDUCE EFFORT SUPPORTING SOME BODY WEIGHT SOME MOVE STANDARD PRESS AFTER PROGRESS MADE WALL PRESS PERFORMED STANDING CLOSE WALL PUSHING AWAY FROM WALL WITH ARMS INCREASE DIFFICULTY MOVE YOUR FEET FURTHER FROM WALL MODIFIED PRESS PERFORMED SUPPORTING LOWER BODY KNEES INSTEAD TOES WHICH REDUCES DIFFICULTY EDIT PLYOMETRICS THERE ALSO NUMBER PLYOMETRIC VERSIONS PRESS THAT PERFORMED CLAP PRESS EXPLOSIVELY PUSH BODY INTO ENOUGH TIME CLAP HANDS TOGETHER ONCE EVEN MORE THEN BRING THEM BACK INTO POSITION CUSHION FALL ANOTHER TYPE PLYOMETRIC PRESS DROP PUSH PLATFORMS PLACED EITHER SIDE TRAINEE EXERCISE BEGINS WITH HANDS EITHER PLATFORM SUPPORTING BODY THEN SUBJECT DROPS GROUND EXPLOSIVELY REBOUNDS WITH PRESS EXTENDING TORSO ARMS COMPLETELY GROUND RETURNING HANDS PLATFORMS ANOTHER SIMPLY EXPLOSIVE PRESS-UP WHERE PERSON ATTEMPTS PUSH QUICKLY WITH ENOUGH FORCE RAISE THEIR HANDS SEVERAL CENTIMETERS GROUND WITH BODY COMPLETELY SUSPENDED FEET MOMENT VARIATION DROP PUSH WITH PRESS-UPS MANY POSSIBILITIES CUSTOMIZATION INCREASED INTENSITY POSSIBLE SOME EXAMPLES HAND HIGHER PLATFORM THAN OTHER FARTHER AWAY FROM OTHER GIVE MORE WEIGHT OPPOSITE SIDE BODY ALSO EXERCISE MANY DIVERSE MUSCLES PERFORM PRESS USING ONLY TIPS FINGERS THUMB INCREASED DIFFICULTY PRESS PERFORMED USING WEIGHTS EDIT NON-TRAINING PURPOSES THEY ALSO COMMONLY USED FITNESS TEST MILD PHYSICAL PUNISHMENT SPOT SHOW PHYSICALLY DEMONSTRATION SUBMISSION COMPETITIVE DISCIPLINARY CONTEXT ESPECIALLY RARE NASTIER VARIATIONS SNOW DIRT DIVESTED MAKE PHYSICALLY HARDER PUTTING ONE'S FOOT WEIGHT PERFORMER'S BACK POSSIBLY WITH SANCTIONS EQUILIBRIUM LOST SUCH SPILLING GLASS EXERCISE RESTING KNUCKLES FINGERS COUNTING THUMB EDIT RECORD BREAKERS ATTEMPTS WORLD RECORD MOST TWO-HANDED PUSH BACK HAND HOUR DOUG PRUDEN CANADA MOST NON-STOP MINORU YOSHIDA JAPAN OCTOBER EDIT REFERENCES RANDOM HOUSE UNABRIDGED DICTIONARY RANDOM HOUSE PUSH-UP DICTIONARY RETRIEVED RANDOM HOUSE UNABRIDGED DICTIONARY RANDOM HOUSE PRESS-UP DICTIONARY RETRIEVED SUDHIR KAKAR COLORS VIOLENCE CULTURAL IDENTITIES RELIGION CONFLICT UNIVERSITY CHICAGO PRESS BRUCE JOHN LITTLE EXPRESSING HUMAN BODY TUTTLE PUBLISHING KRISHNA MURARI MODI CURE ACHES PAINS THROUGH OSTEOPATHY ADOPTING CORRECT POSTURE VIVIAN HEYWARD ADVANCED FITNESS ASSESSMENT EXERCISE PRESCRIPTION HUMAN KINETICS GUINNESS WORLD RECORDS LANDING PAGE EDIT ALSO SIT-UP BENCH PRESS CALISTHENICS DUMBBELL FROM WIKIPEDIA FREE ENCYCLOPEDIA REDIRECTED FROM DUMBBELLS JUMP NAVIGATION SEARCH THIS ARTICLE DOES CITE REFERENCES SOURCES SEPTEMBER PLEASE HELP IMPROVE THIS ARTICLE ADDING CITATIONS RELIABLE SOURCES UNVERIFIABLE MATERIAL CHALLENGED REMOVED OTHER MEANINGS DUMBBELL DISAMBIGUATION FIXED-WEIGHT DUMBBELL PAIR ADJUSTABLE DUMBBELLS WITH PLATES DUMBBELL PIECE EQUIPMENT USED WEIGHT TRAINING TYPE FREE WEIGHT USUALLY HELD HAND FORERUNNER DUMBBELL USED INDIA MORE THAN MILLENNIUM SHAPED LIKE CLUB NAMED INDIAN CLUB DESIGN EQUIPMENT REFERRED SEEN HALFWAY POINT BETWEEN BARBELL DUMBBELL GENERALLY USED PAIRS WORKOUTS WRESTLERS BODYBUILDERS SPORTS PLAYERS OTHERS WISHING INCREASE STRENGTH MUSCLE SIZE DUMBBELLS WORD ORIGINATED TUDOR ENGLAND STRONGMEN USED HAND-HELD CHURCH BELLS DEVELOP UPPER BODY ARMS THESE BELLS RANGE WEIGHT FROM OUNCES MANY POUNDS BELLS WERE FLOURISHED VARIOUS WAYS OBVIOUSLY THIS WOULD HAVE MADE RACKET STRONGMEN WOULD TAKE CLAPPERS THING INSIDE BELL WHICH HITS SIDES BELL MAKES NOISE THEY COULD PRACTICE QUIETLY HENCE NAME DUMB SOUND BELL DUMBELL WHEN STRONGMEN STARTED MAKE THEIR EQUIPMENT THEY KEPT NAME EVEN THOUGH SHAPE CHANGED KETTLES WERE ALSO AVAILABLE VARIOUS SIZES RANGING THOSE HOLDING SEVERAL GALLONS FILLED WITH SAND WATER THESE COULD USED TRAINING WHEN STRONGMEN STARTED MAKING PURPOSE-BUILT EQUIPMENT THEY ALSO KEPT NAME REFERENCE NEEDED EARLY CENTURY FAMILIAR SHAPE DUMBBELL WITH EQUAL WEIGHTS ATTACHED HANDLE APPEARED THERE CURRENTLY MAIN TYPES DUMBBELL ADJUSTABLE DUMBBELLS CONSIST METAL WHOSE CENTRE PORTION OFTEN ENGRAVED WITH CROSSHATCH PATTERN KNURLING IMPROVE GRIP WEIGHT DISKS PLATES SLID ONTO OUTER PORTIONS DUMBBELL SECURED WITH CLIPS COLLARS SHOWN RIGHT SPINLOCK DUMBBELL WHOSE ENDS THREADED ACCEPT LARGE NUTS COLLARS ALTERNATIVELY DUMBELL HAVE SMOOTH ENDS WITH PLATES BEING SECURED SPRUNG COLLAR FIXED-WEIGHT DUMBBELLS WEIGHTS CREATED DUMBBELL SHAPE EXPENSIVE VARIETIES CONSIST CAST IRON COATED WITH RUBBER SAFETY CHEAPER VERSIONS CONSIST RIGID PLASTIC SHELL THAT FILLED WITH CONCRETE EDIT ALSO BARBELL KETTLEBELL WEIGHTS RETRIEVED FROM HTTP WIKIPEDIA WIKI DUMBBELL CATEGORIES WEIGHT TRAINING EQUIPMENT HIDDEN CATEGORIES ARTICLES LACKING SOURCES FROM SEPTEMBER ARTICLES LACKING SOURCESVIEWSARTICLE DISCUSSION EDIT THIS PAGE HISTORY PERSONAL TOOLSLOG CREATE ACCOUNT NAVIGATION MAIN PAGE CONTENTS FEATURED CONTENT CURRENT EVENTS RANDOM ARTICLE INTERACTION ABOUT WIKIPEDIA COMMUNITY PORTAL RECENT CHANGES CONTACT WIKIPEDIA DONATE WIKIPEDIA HELP SEARCH TOOLBOX WHAT LINKS HERE RELATED CHANGES UPLOAD FILE SPECIAL PAGES PRINTABLE VERSION PERMANENT LINK CITE THIS PAGE LANGUAGES ESKY DEUTSCH ESPERANTO FRANçAIS LIETUVI NEDERLANDS POLSKI PORTUGUêS SVENSKA THIS PAGE LAST MODIFIED JUNE TEXT AVAILABLE UNDER TERMS FREE DOCUMENTATION LICENSE COPYRIGHTS DETAILS WIKIPEDIA® REGISTERED TRADEMARK WIKIMEDIA FOUNDATION REGISTERED TAX-DEDUCTIBLE NONPROFIT CHARITY PRIVACY POLICY ABOUT WIKIPEDIA DISCLAIMERS ISOMETRIC EXERCISE ISOMETRICS TYPE STRENGTH TRAINING WHICH JOINT ANGLE MUSCLE LENGTH CHANGE DURING CONTRACTION COMPARED CONCENTRIC ECCENTRIC CONTRACTIONS CALLED ISOTONIC MOVEMENTS ISOMETRICS DONE STATIC POSITIONS RATHER THAN BEING DYNAMIC THROUGH RANGE MOTION JOINT MUSCLE EITHER WORKED AGAINST IMMOVABLE FORCE OVERCOMING ISOMETRIC HELD STATIC POSITION WHILE OPPOSED RESISTANCE YIELDING ISOMETRIC CONTENTS HIDE DEFINITION RESISTANCE ISOMETRIC EXERCISES HISTORY ISOMETRICS TODAY MEDICAL USES ISOMETRIC EXERCISES COMPARISON WITH DYNAMIC EXERCISES ISOMETRICS NASA ALSO REFERENCES EXTERNAL LINKS PUBLIC DOMAIN BOOKS ISOMETRIC EXERCISES EDIT DEFINITION ISOMETRIC EXERCISE FORM EXERCISE INVOLVING STATIC CONTRACTION MUSCLE WITHOUT VISIBLE MOVEMENT ANGLE JOINT THIS REFLECTED NAME TERM ISOMETRIC COMBINES PREFIX SAME WITH METRIC DISTANCE MEANING THAT THESE EXERCISES LENGTH MUSCLE DOES CHANGE COMPARED ISOTONIC CONTRACTIONS WHICH CONTRACTION STRENGTH DOES CHANGE JOINT ANGLE DOES EDIT RESISTANCE ISOMETRIC EXERCISES RESISTANCE ISOMETRIC EXERCISES TYPICALLY INVOLVE CONTRACTIONS MUSCLE USING BODY'S MUSCLE PRESSING PALMS TOGETHER FRONT BODY STRUCTURAL ITEMS PUSHING AGAINST DOOR FRAME FREE WEIGHTS WEIGHTS MACHINES ELASTIC EQUIPMENT HOLDING WEIGHT FIXED POSITION PRESSURE PLATE TYPE EQUIPMENT THAT HAVE DIGITAL READOUT MAXIMAL FORCE DEPENDING GOAL EXERCISE EXERTION MAXIMAL SUB-MAXIMAL EDIT HISTORY ISOMETRICS THOUSANDS YEARS EXAMPLES FOUND STATIC HOLDS CERTAIN BRANCHES YOGA CHINESE MARTIAL ARTS ISOMETRICS FIRST BROUGHT MODERN PUBLIC’S ATTENTION EARLY DAYS PHYSICAL CULTURE PRECURSOR BODYBUILDING MANY GREAT BODYBUILDERS USED INCORPORATED ISOMETRICS INTO THEIR TRAINING REGIMES PERHAPS MOST FAMOUS ISOMETRIC ADVOCATES CHARLES ATLAS COURSE ADVOCATED SERIES DYNAMIC TENSION EXERCISES WHICH INCLUDED ISOMETRICS LEARNED THESE EXERCISES FROM CONSCIOUS EVOLUTION COURSE ALOIS SWOBODA ATLAS SAID EVERYTHING KNEW LEARNED FROM SWOBODA ISOMETRICS FELL FAVOR DISCOVERED THAT MANY PRINCIPAL ADVOCATES WERE USING STEROIDS ENHANCE THEIR GAINS CHARLES ATLAS' METHODS SELF-RESISTANCE HAVE TRADITIONAL RESISTANCE LIMITS WEIGHT EXERCISES TISSUE EXERCISING AGAINST PROVIDE GREATER RESISTANCE DEVELOPS TANDEM SYSTEM FLAWED THAT THERE METHOD MEASURING PROGRESSION USERS WERE MOTIVATED MEASURABLE PROGRESS ASSESSMENT INCREASES STRENGTH SUBJECTIVE LACKED EMPIRICAL MEANS DEMONSTRATING PROGRESS EDIT ISOMETRICS TODAY TODAY MANY TRAINING PROTOCOLS EXIST INCORPORATING ISOMETRICS ONCE AGAIN ISOMETRIC EXERCISES OFTEN MADE INTO PARTS NORMAL ISOTONIC EXERCISES EXAMPLE DURING ROWS SOME PEOPLE HOLD THEIR POSITION WHEN HANDLES CLOSEST THEIR CHEST ORDER SQUEEZE MUSCLE EFFORT FURTHER STRAIN MUSCLE OTHER SYSTEMS DEDICATE THEMSELVES ENTIRELY ISOMETRICS EXAMPLE ISOMETRIC WOULD HOLDING CARRYING SOMETHING HEAVY EDIT MEDICAL USES ISOMETRIC EXERCISES ALSO USED BEDSIDE DIFFERENTIATE VARIOUS HEART MURMURS MURMUR MITRAL REGURGITATION GETS LOUDER COMPARED QUIETER MURMUR AORTIC STENOSIS EDIT ISOMETRIC EXERCISES COMPARISON WITH DYNAMIC EXERCISES ISOMETRIC EXERCISES HAVE SOME DIFFERENCES TRAINING EFFECT COMPARED DYNAMIC EXERCISES WHILE ISOMETRIC TRAINING INCREASES STRENGTH SPECIFIC JOINT ANGLES EXERCISES PERFORMED ADDITIONAL JOINT ANGLES LESSER EXTENT DYNAMIC EXERCISES INCREASE STRENGTH THROUGHOUT FULL RANGE MOTION CITATION NEEDED GENERALLY SPEAKING HOWEVER PEOPLE TRAIN ISOMETRICALLY DON'T TRAIN THROUGH FULL RANGE MOTION STRENGTH GAINED TRAINING JOINT ANGLE WHERE THEY REQUIRE WHILE DYNAMIC EXERCISES BETTER ENHANCING TWITCH FORCE MUSCLE THAN ISOMETRIC EXERCISES ISOMETRICS BETTER THAN DYNAMIC EXERCISES INCREASING MAXIMAL MUSCLE POWER EDIT ISOMETRICS NASA NASA RESEARCHED ISOMETRICS PREVENTING MUSCLE ATROPHY EXPERIENCED ASTRONAUTS RESULT LIVING ZERO GRAVITY ENVIRONMENT KENNETH BALDWIN PROFESSOR PHYSIOLOGY BIOPHYSICS DEPARTMENT UNIVERSITY CALIFORNIA IRVINE CONDUCTED STUDIES ORDER BETTER UNDERSTAND MUSCLES WORK ISOMETRICS MUSCLE LENGTHENING MUSCLE SHORTENING EXERCISES WERE STUDIED COMPARED OUTCOME SHOWED THAT WHILE THREE EXERCISE TYPES INDEED PROMOTE MUSCLE GROWTH ISOMETRICS FAILED PREVENT DECREASE AMOUNT CONTRACTILE PROTEINS FOUND MUSCLE TISSUE RESULT MUSCLE DEGRADATION MOLECULAR LEVEL CONTRACTILE PROTEINS WHAT CAUSE MUSCLES CONTRACT GIVE THEM THEIR PHYSICAL STRENGTH NASA CONCLUDED THAT ISOMETRICS BEST ASTRONAUTS MAINTAIN MUSCLE TISSUE EDIT ALSO DYNAMIC TENSION EDIT REFERENCES ARTICLE STATIC STRENGTH TRAINING CHARLES ATLAS ISOMETRIC EXERCISE ALOIS SWOBODA SANDOW PLUS ISOMETRICS STEROID CHING EVALUATION CARDIAC MURMURS CLINIC SETTING UNIVERSITY CHICAGO RETRIEVED CASSIDY ARONOW PRAKASH EFFECT ISOMETRIC EXERCISE SYSTOLIC MURMUR PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC HYPERTROPHIC SUBAORTIC STENOSIS CHEST CHEST PMID DUCHATEAU HAINAUT ISOMETRIC DYNAMIC TRAINING DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS MECHANICAL PROPERTIES HUMAN MUSCLE JOURNAL APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY RESPIRATORY ENVIRONMENTAL EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY PMID KENNETH BALDWIN UNIVERSITY CALIFORNIA BARRY PHILLIPS WORKOUTS WORK NASA RETRIEVED EDIT EXTERNAL LINKS EDIT PUBLIC DOMAIN BOOKS WALKING FROM WIKIPEDIA FREE ENCYCLOPEDIA JUMP NAVIGATION SEARCH OTHER USES WALKING DISAMBIGUATION WALKING ALSO CALLED AMBULATION MAIN FORM ANIMAL LOCOMOTION LAND DISTINGUISHED FROM RUNNING CRAWLING WHEN CARRIED SHALLOW WATERS USUALLY DESCRIBED WADING WHEN PERFORMED OVER STEEPLY RISING OBJECT OBSTACLE BECOMES SCRAMBLING CLIMBING WORD WALK DESCENDED FROM ENGLISH WEALCAN ROLL WALKING GENERALLY DISTINGUISHED FROM RUNNING THAT ONLY FOOT TIME LEAVES CONTACT WITH GROUND HUMANS OTHER BIPEDS RUNNING BEGINS WHEN BOTH FEET GROUND WITH EACH STEP THIS DISTINCTION STATUS FORMAL REQUIREMENT COMPETITIVE WALKING EVENTS OFTEN RESULTING DISQUALIFICATION EVEN OLYMPIC LEVEL HORSES OTHER QUADRUPEDAL SPECIES RUNNING GAITS NUMEROUS WALKING KEEPS THREE FEET TIME GROUND AVERAGE HUMAN CHILD ACHIEVES INDEPENDENT WALKING ABILITY BETWEEN NINE FIFTEEN MONTHS WHILE STRICTLY BIPEDAL SEVERAL PRIMARILY BIPEDAL HUMAN GAITS WHERE LONG BONES ARMS SUPPORT MOST SMALL FRACTION BODY'S WEIGHT GENERALLY REGARDED VARIANTS WALKING THESE INCLUDE HAND WALKING UNUSUAL FORM LOCOMOTION WHICH WALKER MOVES PRIMARILY USING THEIR HANDS WALKING CRUTCHES USUALLY EXECUTED ALTERNATING BETWEEN STANDING BOTH LEGS ROCKING FORWARD CRUTCHES SUPPORTED UNDER ARMPITS THEM WALKING WITH WALKING STICK TREKKING POLES REDUCING LOAD BOTH LEGS SUPPLEMENTING BODY'S NORMAL BALANCING MECHANISMS ALSO PUSHING AGAINST GROUND THROUGH LEAST THAT HOLDS LONG OBJECT WALKING WHILE HOLDING WALKER FRAMEWORK WITH BALANCE SCRAMBLING USING ARMS HANDS SOME OTHER EXTENSION ARMS JUST BACKUP NORMAL BALANCE WHEN WALKING TALUS ACHIEVE STATES BALANCE THAT WOULD IMPOSSIBLE UNSTABLE WHEN SUPPORTED SOLELY LEGS HUMANS WALKING MAIN FORM TRANSPORTATION WITHOUT VEHICLE RIDING ANIMAL AVERAGE WALKING SPEED ABOUT ALTHOUGH THIS DEPENDS HEAVILY FACTORS SUCH HEIGHT WEIGHT TERRAIN PEDESTRIAN WALKING PERSON PARTICULAR ROAD AVAILABLE SIDEWALK PATH PAVEMENT CONTENTS HIDE BIOMECHANICS LEISURE ACTIVITY TRANSPORTATION ROBOTICS ALSO EXTERNAL LINKS REFERENCES EDIT BIOMECHANICS HUMAN WALKING ACCOMPLISHED WITH STRATEGY CALLED DOUBLE PENDULUM DURING FORWARD MOTION THAT LEAVES GROUND SWINGS FORWARD FROM THIS SWEEP FIRST PENDULUM THEN STRIKES GROUND WITH HEEL ROLLS THROUGH MOTION DESCRIBED INVERTED PENDULUM MOTION LEGS COORDINATED THAT FOOT OTHER ALWAYS CONTACT WITH GROUND PROCESS WALKING RECOVERS APPROXIMATELY SIXTY CENT ENERGY USED PENDULUM DYNAMICS GROUND REACTION FORCE WALKING DIFFERS FROM RUNNING GAIT NUMBER WAYS MOST OBVIOUS THAT DURING WALKING ALWAYS STAYS GROUND WHILE OTHER SWINGING RUNNING THERE TYPICALLY BALLISTIC PHASE WHERE RUNNER AIRBORNE WITH BOTH FEET BIPEDALS ANOTHER DIFFERENCE CONCERNS MOVEMENT CENTER MASS BODY WALKING BODY 'VAULTS' OVER GROUND RAISING CENTER MASS HIGHEST POINT PASSES VERTICAL DROPPING LOWEST LEGS SPREAD APART ESSENTIALLY KINETIC ENERGY FORWARD MOTION CONSTANTLY BEING TRADED RISE POTENTIAL ENERGY THIS REVERSED RUNNING WHERE CENTER MASS LOWEST VERTICAL THIS BECAUSE IMPACT LANDING FROM BALLISTIC PHASE ADSORBED BENDING CONSEQUENTLY STORING ENERGY MUSCLES TENDONS RUNNING THERE CONVERSION BETWEEN KINETIC POTENTIAL ELASTIC ENERGY THERE ABSOLUTE LIMIT INDIVIDUAL'S SPEED WALKING WITHOUT SPECIAL TECHNIQUES SUCH THOSE EMPLOYED SPEED WALKING VELOCITY WHICH CENTER MASS RISES FALLS IT'S GREATER THAN ACCELERATION GRAVITY PERSON WILL BECOME AIRBORNE THEY VAULT OVER GROUND TYPICALLY HOWEVER ANIMALS SWITCH LOWER SPEED THAN THIS ENERGY EFFICIENCIES EDIT LEISURE ACTIVITY RACE WALKINGMANY PEOPLE WALK HOBBY POST-INDUSTRIAL OFTEN ENJOYED BEST FORMS EXERCISE FITNESS WALKERS OTHERS PEDOMETER COUNT THEIR STEPS TYPES WALKING INCLUDE BUSHWALKING RACEWALKING WEIGHT-WALKING HILLWALKING VOLKSMARCHING NORDIC WALKING HIKING LONG-DISTANCE PATHS SOMETIMES PEOPLE PREFER WALK INDOORS USING TREADMILL SOME COUNTRIES WALKING HOBBY KNOWN HIKING TYPICAL NORTH AMERICAN TERM RAMBLING SOMEWHAT DATED BRITISH EXPRESSION REMAINING BECAUSE ENSHRINED TITLE IMPORTANT RAMBLERS' ASSOCIATION TRAMPING HIKING SUBTYPE WALKING GENERALLY USED MEAN WALKING NATURE AREAS SPECIALLY DESIGNATED ROUTES TRAILS OPPOSED URBAN ENVIRONMENTS HOWEVER HIKING ALSO REFER LONG-DISTANCE WALK MORE OBSCURE TERMS WALKING INCLUDE MARROW-BONE STAGE TAKE ONE'S DAILY CONSTITUTIONAL RIDE SHANK'S PONY RIDE SHANK'S MARE WALKER'S AMONG SEARCH RESCUE RESPONDERS THOSE RESPONDERS WALK RATHER THAN RIDE DRIVE CLIMB COMMUNICATIONS TRAILER OFTEN KNOWN GROUND POUNDERS WORLD'S LARGEST REGISTRATION WALKING EVENT INTERNATIONAL FOUR DAYS MARCHES NIJMEGEN ANNUAL LABOR WALK MACKINAC BRIDGE DRAWS OVER SIXTY THOUSAND PARTICIPANTS CHESAPEAKE BRIDGE WALK ANNUALLY DRAWS OVER FIFTY THOUSAND PARTICIPANTS WALKS OFTEN ORGANIZED CHARITY EVENTS WITH WALKERS SEEKING SPONSORS RAISE MONEY SPECIFIC CAUSE CHARITY WALKS RANGE LENGTH FROM MILE FIVE WALKS FIFTY MILES EIGHTY CHALLENGE WALK EXAMPLE FIFTY MILE WALK WHICH RAISES MONEY FIGHT MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS OXFAM TRAILWALKER HUNDRED EVENT SHEEP WALKING ALONG ROADIN BRITAIN RAMBLERS' ASSOCIATION BIGGEST ORGANISATION THAT LOOKS AFTER INTERESTS WALKERS REGISTERED CHARITY MEMBERS REGULAR BRISK CYCLING WALKING IMPROVE CONFIDENCE STAMINA ENERGY WEIGHT CONTROL LIFE EXPECTANCY REDUCE STRESS ALSO REDUCE RISK CORONARY HEART DISEASE STROKES DIABETES HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE BOWEL CANCER OSTEOPOROSIS MODERN SCIENTIFIC STUDIES HAVE SHOWED THAT WALKING BESIDES PHYSICAL BENEFITS ALSO BENEFICIAL MIND IMPROVING MEMORY SKILLS LEARNING ABILITY CONCENTRATION ABSTRACT REASONING BESIDES REDUCING STRESS UPLIFTING ONES' SPIRITS SOURCE EDIT TRANSPORTATION WALKING MOST BASIC COMMON MODE TRANSPORTATION RECOMMENDED HEALTHY LIFESTYLE THERE BEEN RECENT FOCUS AMONG URBAN PLANNERS SOME COMMUNITIES CREATE PEDESTRIAN-FRIENDLY AREAS ROADS ALLOWING COMMUTING SHOPPING RECREATION DONE FOOT SOME COMMUNITIES LEAST PARTIALLY CAR-FREE MAKING THEM PARTICULARLY SUPPORTIVE WALKING OTHER MODES TRANSPORTATION UNITED STATES ACTIVE LIVING NETWORK EXAMPLE CONCERTED EFFORT DEVELOP COMMUNITIES MORE FRIENDLY WALKING OTHER PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES WALKING ALSO CONSIDERED CLEAR EXAMPLE SUSTAINABLE MODE TRANSPORT ESPECIALLY SUITED URBAN RELATIVELY SHORTER DISTANCES MOTORISED TRANSPORT MODES SUCH WALKING ALSO CYCLING SMALL-WHEELED TRANSPORT SKATES SKATEBOARDS PUSH SCOOTERS HAND CARTS WHEELCHAIR TRAVEL OFTEN ELEMENTS SUCCESSFULLY ENCOURAGING CLEAN URBAN TRANSPORT SOURCE MOTORISED TRANSPORT TEACHING LEARNING MATERIAL LARGE VARIETY CASE STUDIES GOOD PRACTICES FROM EUROPEAN CITIES SOME WORLD-WIDE EXAMPLES THAT PROMOTE STIMULATE WALKING MEANS TRANSPORTATION CITIES FOUND ELTIS EUROPE'S PORTAL LOCAL TRANSPORT HOWEVER SOME STUDIES INDICATE THAT WALKING MORE HARMFUL ENVIRONMENT THAN TRAVEL THIS BECAUSE MORE ENERGY EXPENDED GROWING PROVIDING FOOD NECESSARY REGAIN CALORIES BURNED WALKING COMPARED ENERGY USED OPERATION THESE STUDIES HAVE BEEN CRITICISED USING INEFFICIENT FOOD SOURCES THOSE THAT LARGE AMOUNTS ENERGY PRODUCE SUCH MILK MEAT SKEW RESULTS ROADS WITH SIDEWALKS PEDESTRIANS SHOULD ALWAYS WALK FACING ONCOMING TRAFFIC THEIR OTHER PEOPLES' SAFETY WHEN DISTANCES GREAT CONVENIENT WALKING COMBINED WITH OTHER MODES TRANSPORTATION SUCH CYCLING PUBLIC TRANSPORT SHARING CARPOOLING HITCHHIKING RIDE SHARING RENTALS TAXIS THESE METHODS MORE EFFICIENT DESIRABLE THAN PRIVATE OWNERSHIP BEING HEALTHY MEANS PHYSICAL EXERCISE DEVELOPMENT SPECIFIC RIGHTS WITH APPROPRIATE INFRASTRUCTURE PROMOTE INCREASED PARTICIPATION ENJOYMENT WALKING EXAMPLES TYPES INVESTMENT INCLUDE MALLS FORESHOREWAYS SUCH OCEANWAYS RIVERWALKS EDIT ROBOTICS MAIN ARTICLE ROBOT LOCOMOTION FIRST SUCCESSFUL ATTEMPTS WALKING ROBOTS TENDED HAVE LEGS NUMBER LEGS REDUCED MICROPROCESSOR TECHNOLOGY ADVANCED THERE NUMBER ROBOTS THAT WALK LEGS ALBEIT NEARLY WELL HUMAN BEING EDIT ALSO FOOTPATH HIKING HILLWALKING LIST LONG-DISTANCE FOOTPATHS LIST CITIES WITH MOST PEDESTRIAN COMMUTERS NORDIC WALKING OUTDOOR EDUCATION PEDESTRIAN-FRIENDLY PEDOMETERS ULTRALIGHT BACKPACKING FROM WIKIPEDIA FREE ENCYCLOPEDIA JUMP NAVIGATION SEARCH THIS ARTICLE SECTION CONTAIN ORIGINAL RESEARCH UNVERIFIED CLAIMS PLEASE IMPROVE ARTICLE ADDING REFERENCES TALK PAGE DETAILS ULTRALIGHT BACKPACKING STYLE BACKPACKING THAT EMPHASIZES PACKING CARRYING LIGHTEST WEIGHT SAFELY POSSIBLE GIVEN HIKE REACH THIS GOAL BASE PACK WEIGHT WEIGHT BACKPACK PLUS GEAR INSIDE— EXCLUDING CONSUMABLES SUCH FOOD WATER FUEL WHICH VARY DEPENDING DURATION STYLE TRIP REDUCED MUCH SAFELY POSSIBLE ALTHOUGH TECHNICAL STANDARDS EXIST TERMS LIGHT ULTRALIGHT COMMONLY REFER BASE PACK WEIGHTS BELOW TWENTY POUNDS POUNDS RESPECTIVELY TRADITIONAL BACKPACKING OFTEN RESULTS BASE PACK WEIGHTS ABOVE THIRTY POUNDS SOMETIMES SIXTY POUNDS MORE EXTREME ENTHUSIASTS ULTRALIGHT BACKPACKING SOMETIMES ATTEMPT SUPER-ULTRALIGHT BACKPACKING TERM COINED RYAN JORDAN CITATION NEEDED WHICH BASE PACK WEIGHT BELOW FIVE POUNDS KILOGRAMS CONTENTS HIDE HISTORY PHILOSOPHY BASE PACK THREE HEAVIES OTHER GEAR CONSUMABLES WATER FOOD BEARS REFERENCES EXTERNAL LINKS EDIT HISTORY ULTRALIGHT BACKPACKING POPULARIZED JARDINE WHOSE BOOK BEYOND BACKPACKING LAID FOUNDATIONS MANY TECHNIQUES THAT ULTRALIGHT BACKPACKERS TODAY CONCEPT ULTRALIGHT CAMPING GEAR CERTAINLY OUTDOORS WRITER HORACE KEPHART BOOK CAMPING WOODCRAFT LISTED DETAIL SEVERAL CAMPING KITS MANUFACTURED ENGLAND THAT WEIGHED SEVEN POUNDS INCLUDED SILK TENT RUBBER SLEEPING DOWN SLEEPING QUILT ALCOHOL STOVE COOKING EQUIPMENT KEPHART'S VIEW THAT THESE KITS WERE INSUFFICIENTLY DURABLE BASE PACK WEIGHT LIGHT TRIPS POUNDS INCLUDING POUNDS PREFERRED DULUTH-STYLE BACKPACK CITATION NEEDED ANOTHER EARLY PIONEER EMMA GRANDMA GATEWOOD THRU-HIKED APPALACHIAN TRAIL WITH ONLY DUFFEL CONTAINING ARMY BLANKET PLASTIC SHEET OTHER VERY SIMPLE GEAR MUCH LIGHTER THAN HEAVY EQUIPMENT COMMON AMONG THRU-HIKERS THOSE DAYS PARALLEL EXISTS BETWEEN TRADITIONAL ARMY HUNTING STYLE BACKPACKING VERSUS ULTRALIGHT BACKPACKING COMPARED EXPEDITION STYLE MOUNTAINEERING PIONEERED BRITISH USING SHERPAS PACK ANIMALS VERSUS ALPINE STYLE PIONEERED SWISS EARLY RYAN JORDAN BOZEMAN MONTANA FOUNDED BACKPACKING LIGHT MAGAZINE WHERE OTHERS RESEARCH ULTRALIGHT GEAR PERFORMS UNDER ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS CITATION NEEDED EDIT PHILOSOPHY CARRYING LIGHTER MORE MULTI-PURPOSE EQUIPMENT ULTRALIGHT BACKPACKERS FREQUENTLY ABLE COVER LONGER DISTANCES WITH LESS WEAR TEAR BODY THIS PARTICULARLY USEFUL WHEN THRU-HIKING LONG-DISTANCE TRAIL FIRST REDUCE WEIGHT LEAVING ITEMS THAT UNNECESSARY HOME THIS OFTEN INCLUDES CAMPING LUXURIES SUCH COFFEE MAKERS ELECTRONIC GADGETS MULTIPLE ITEMS CLOTHING THIS INITIAL STEP TAKEN BACKPACKER SEEKING LESS WEIGHT THEIR BACK NEXT METHOD REDUCING ITEM WEIGHT THIS WHERE SIGNIFICANT PORTION BASE PACK WEIGHT LOST MATERIALS SUCH RIPSTOP NYLON MAKE MUCH LIGHTER PACK THAN CANVAS MATERIAL SILNYLON TARPS LIGHTER THAN DOUBLE-WALLED TENTS SILNYLON STUFF SACKS ALSO USED WATERPROOF BAGS THAT LIGHTER THAN RELATIVELY THICKER VINYL BAGS MANY BACKPACKERS FIND THAT -INCH THICK INFLATABLE SLEEPING JUST COMFORTABLE -INCH THICK THAT WEIGHS MORE POSSIBLY EVEN WITH CLOSED-CELL FOAM WHICH EVEN LIGHTER THERE MANY OPTIONS REDUCING ITEM WEIGHT INNUMERABLE CHOICES FINAL METHOD UTILIZE MORE MULTI-PURPOSE GEAR GEAR THAT APPROPRIATE OCCASION INSTANCE INEXPENSIVE PONCHO-STYLE RAIN COAT ALSO SERVE TARP SHELTER DOWN MICROFIBER JACKET USED WITH LIGHTER SLEEPING SAME EFFECTIVENESS CHEAP PLASTIC PONCHO ONLY SURVIVE TRIP WOULD APPROPRIATE MOUNT EVEREST SOUTH POLE VERY APPROPRIATE AVERAGE SUMMER NON-ALPINE NON-POLAR BACKPACKING TRIP EDIT BASE PACK EDIT THREE HEAVIES SHELTER SLEEPING BACKPACK CONSIDERED MAJOR ITEMS THAT BACKPACKER SHOULD CARRY OFTEN ACCOUNT MAJORITY BACKPACK WEIGHT EXAMPLES REDUCING WEIGHT TENTS RELATIVELY HEAVY LAYERS FABRIC METAL POLES STAKES GROUND CLOTH ULTRALIGHT SHELTERS INCLUDE JUST INEXPENSIVE PLASTIC SHEET CASE GRANDMA GATEWOOD SILICONE-IMPREGNATED SILNYLON TARPS SINGLE LAYER TARP-TENT HYBRIDS HAMMOCKS PONCHO-TARPS BIVY SACKS WEIGH POUNDS LESS THAN STANDARD TENT SOME ULTRALIGHT BACKPACKERS SAVE WEIGHT USING SLEEPING BAGS FILLED WITH DOWN WHICH LIGHTER VOLUME MUCH MORE SUSCEPTIBLE LOFT LOSS FROM MOISTURE IT'S IMPORTANT KEEP SLEEPING FROM EXTERIOR INTERIOR BODY MOISTURE SOME PEOPLE INNER VAPOR BARRIER LINER SILNYLON BODY SACK WESTERN MOUNTAINEERING EXAMPLE ACHIEVE LATER MINORITY CARRY QUILTS PLACE SLEEPING BAGS PHILOSOPHY BEING INSULATION CRUSHED UNDER PERSON'S WEIGHT USELESS WITH ADEQUATE INSULATION FROM SLEEPING UNDERNEATH QUILT WEIGH HALF MUCH EQUIVALENT SLEEPING SOME MODERN DOWN BAGS GENERALLY ULTRALIGHT MODELS BAFFLED UNDERFILLED SUCH THAT SHIFT DOWN THAT WOULD UNDER THUS COMPRESSED NEARLY USELESS THAT FILLS SPACE ABOVE ULTRALIGHT HIKERS ALSO TEND CARRY BAGS RATED WARMER TEMPERATURES THAN TRADITIONAL-WEIGHT BACKPACKERS MAKING DIFFERENCE COLD NIGHTS WEARING MORE CLOTHING EXAMPLE BALACLAVA WELL FINDING CAMPSITES THAT AVOID COLDER HOLLOWS POINTS WHERE COLD TENDS COLLECT WITH LIGHTER SHELTER SLEEPING BACKPACK CONSIST LIGHTER MATERIAL LESS BULKY FRAME COMMON ULTRALIGHT ALTERNATIVE INTERNAL FRAME PACK FRAMELESS PACK MADE RIPSTOP NYLON SILNYLON DYNEEMA WITH CARRYING LIMIT TWENTY TWENTY-FIVE POUNDS INTERNAL-FRAME PACK WEIGH UPWARDS POUNDS ULTRALIGHT FRAMELESS PACKS COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE WEIGHTS RANGING FROM EIGHT FOURTEEN OUNCES CONSIST MUCH MORE THAN SACK WITH SHOULDER STRAPS JARDINE'S BOOK INCLUDES DIRECTIONS MAKE YOUR SILNYLON PACK GOLITE SELLS MANUFACTURED VERSIONS JARDINE'S DESIGN WHICH USES ROLLED SLEEPING PROVIDE STIFFNESS FRAME USING HARDER WORK WITH STRONGER DYNEEMA GRANDMA GATEWOOD USED LIGHTWEIGHT DUFFEL SLUNG ACROSS SHOULDER STATED THAT MOST PEOPLE PANTYWAISTS SOME BACKPACKERS MAKE THEIR GEAR POSSIBLE ADVANTAGES INCLUDE INDIVIDUALLY CUSTOMIZING ITEMS WELL POTENTIAL COST SAVINGS ADDED ADVANTAGE THAT HOMEMADE ITEM WERE BREAK DOWN HIKER WOULD BETTER POSITION REPAIR MATERIALS USED MAKE COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE GEAR NORMALLY LIGHTWEIGHT THEY COULD ORDER MINIMIZE RETURNS HOMEMADE LIGHTWEIGHT GEAR LAST LONG NEEDED CARED PROPERLY EXAMPLES REDUCING WEIGHT WEIGHT CLASS TRADITIONAL LIGHTWEIGHT ULTRALIGHT SUPER-ULTRALIGHT SHELTER DOUBLE-WALL TENT SINGLE-WALL TENT TARPTENT TARP BIVY LIGHTWEIGHT TARP SILNYLON TARP SLEEPING SYSTEM SYNTHETIC-FILL SLEEPING DOWN-FILL SLEEPING DOWN QUILT ULTRALIGHT RATING DOWN QUILT ULTRALIGHT RATING BACKPACK EXTERNAL FRAME LITERS INTERNAL FRAME LITERS FRAMELESS FRAMELESS LITERS SLEEPING INFLATABLE THICK INFLATABLE THICK LENGTH CLOSED-CELL FOAM THICK TORSO LENGTH CLOSED-CELL FOAM THICK TORSO LENGTH TOTAL WEIGHT THESE EDIT OTHER GEAR REMAINING GEAR ESSENTIALS SURVIVAL SOME OTHER ITEMS CARRIED ULTRALIGHT BACKPACKER FOLLOWS SIMILAR PHILOSOPHY REPLACING TRADITIONAL BACKPACKING GEAR WITH LIGHER OPTIONS BELOW SHORT LIST REPLACEMENTS THAT SOME ULTRALIGHT HIKERS CHOOSE INSTEAD TRADITIONAL BACKPACKING GEAR LIGHT WEIGHT ALCOHOL SOLID FUEL STOVES INSTEAD HEAVIER STOVES SINGLE COOK WITH SINGLE SPOON INSTEAD TRADITIONAL MESS SOME ULTRALIGHT HIKERS CARRY STOVE ASSOCIATED PARAPHERNALIA RELYING NO-COOK MEALS FOOD TRAIL RUNNING RUNNING SHOES GRANDMA GATEWOOD USED KEDS SNEAKERS INSTEAD HIKING BOOTS LIGHTWEIGHT NYLON SOCKS INSTEAD HEAVY WOOL SOCKS MINIMAL AMOUNT EXTRA CLOTHING SAFELY POSSIBLE HALF BODY HEAT LOST UNCOVERED HEAD MAKING BALACLAVA PARTICULARLY VITAL ULTRALIGHT HIKER'S FIRST-AID REPAIR OFTEN STORED PLASTIC SILNYLON BAGS INSTEAD CONVENTIONAL HEAVIER PACKAGING THAT TRADITIONAL BACKPACKER MIGHT CARRY WOMAN FROM WIKIPEDIA FREE ENCYCLOPEDIA REDIRECTED FROM WOMEN JUMP NAVIGATION SEARCH OTHER USES WOMAN DISAMBIGUATION PAINTING EVEA WOMAN ADULT FEMALE HUMAN BEING TERM WOMAN IRREGULAR PLURAL WOMEN USUALLY USED ADULT WITH TERM GIRL BEING USUAL TERM FEMALE CHILD ADOLESCENT HOWEVER TERM WOMAN ALSO SOMETIMES USED IDENTIFY FEMALE HUMAN REGARDLESS PHRASES SUCH WOMEN'S RIGHTS CONTENTS HIDE ETYMOLOGY TERMINOLOGY BIOLOGY GENDER CULTURE GENDER ROLES EDUCATION EMPLOYMENT OECD COUNTRIES REFERENCES FURTHER READING ALSO EXTERNAL LINKS ETYMOLOGY SYMBOL PLANET ROMAN GODDESS VENUS ALSO USED INDICATE FEMALE GENDER AMONG ANIMALS WHICH REPRODUCE SEXUALLYTHE ENGLISH TERM FROM PROTO-GERMANIC MANNAZ PERSON WORDS DERIVED THEREFROM DESIGNATE EVEN HUMAN RACE REGARDLESS THEIR GENDER THIS INDEED OLDEST USAGE ENGLISH DERIVES FROM PROTO-INDO-EUROPEAN MáNU- 'MAN HUMAN' COGNATE SANSKRIT MANU CHURCH SLAVONIC 'MAN' 'HUSBAND' ENGLISH WORDS ALSO WæPMAN WIFMAN WERE WHAT USED REFER WOMAN RESPECTIVELY GENDER NEUTRAL MIDDLE ENGLISH DISPLACED TERM MALE HUMAN WHILST WIFMAN WHICH EVENTUALLY EVOLVED INTO WOMAN RETAINED FEMALE HUMAN ALSO EVOLVED INTO WORD WIFE DOES CONTINUE CARRY ORIGINAL SENSE HUMAN HOWEVER RESULTING ASYMMETRY SOMETIMES CRITICIZED SEXIST ALSO WOMYN VERY COMMON INDO-EUROPEAN ROOT WOMAN GWEN- SOURCE ENGLISH QUEEN ENGLISH PRIMARILY MEANT WOMAN HIGHBORN THIS STILL CASE DANISH WITH MODERN SPELLING KVINDE WELL GYNAECOLOGY FROM GREEK BANSHEE FAIRY WOMAN FROM IRISH BEAN WOMAN FAIRY ZENANA FROM PERSIAN LATIN MINA WHENCE FEMALE LIKELY FROM ROOT FELL SUCK REFERRING BREASTFEEDING SYMBOL PLANET VENUS SIGN ALSO USED BIOLOGY FEMALE GENDER STYLIZED REPRESENTATION GODDESS VENUS'S HAND MIRROR ABSTRACT SYMBOL GODDESS CIRCLE WITH SMALL EQUILATERAL CROSS UNDERNEATH UNICODE VENUS SYMBOL ALSO REPRESENTED FEMININITY ANCIENT ALCHEMY STOOD COPPER ALCHEMISTS CONSTRUCTED SYMBOL FROM CIRCLE REPRESENTING SPIRIT ABOVE EQUILATERAL CROSS REPRESENTING MATTER TERMINOLOGY WOMANHOOD PERIOD FEMALE'S LIFE AFTER TRANSITIONED FROM GIRLHOOD LEAST PHYSICALLY HAVING PASSED MENARCHE MANY CULTURES HAVE RITES PASSAGE SYMBOLIZE WOMAN'S COMING SUCH CONFIRMATION SOME BRANCHES CHRISTIANITY MITZVAH JUDAISM EVEN JUST CUSTOM SPECIAL CELEBRATION CERTAIN BIRTHDAY GENERALLY BETWEEN WORD WOMAN USED GENERALLY MEAN FEMALE HUMAN SPECIFICALLY MEAN ADULT FEMALE HUMAN CONTRASTED WITH GIRL WORD GIRL ORIGINALLY MEANT YOUNG PERSON EITHER ENGLISH ONLY AROUND BEGINNING CENTURY THAT CAME MEAN SPECIFICALLY FEMALE CHILD NOWADAYS GIRL SOMETIMES USED COLLOQUIALLY REFER YOUNG UNMARRIED WOMAN DURING EARLY FEMINISTS CHALLENGED SUCH WORD REFER FULLY GROWN WOMAN CAUSE OFFENCE PARTICULAR PREVIOUSLY COMMON TERMS SUCH OFFICE GIRL LONGER USED CONVERSELY CERTAIN CULTURES WHICH LINK FAMILY HONOR WITH FEMALE VIRGINITY WORD GIRL STILL USED REFER NEVER-MARRIED WOMAN THIS SENSE USED FASHION ROUGHLY ANALOGOUS OBSOLETE ENGLISH MAID MAIDEN REFERRING UNMARRIED FEMALE WOMAN SUCH CULTURE IMPLY THAT SEXUALLY EXPERIENCED WHICH WOULD INSULT FAMILY SOME SETTINGS GIRL REFER ADULT FEMALE VESTIGIAL PRACTICE SUCH GIRLS' NIGHT EVEN AMONG SOME ELDERLY WOMEN THIS SENSE GIRL CONSIDERED ANALOGUE BRITISH WORD BLOKE ALTHOUGH AGAIN FAILS MEET PARALLEL STATUS ADULT ASIDE SOME FEMINISTS CITE THIS LACK INFORMAL RESPECTFUL TERM WOMEN MISOGYNISTIC THEY REGARD NON-PARALLEL USAGES SUCH GIRLS SEXIST THERE VARIOUS WORDS USED REFER QUALITY BEING WOMAN TERM WOMANHOOD MERELY MEANS STATE BEING WOMAN HAVING PASSED MENARCHE FEMININITY USED REFER SUPPOSEDLY TYPICAL FEMALE QUALITIES ASSOCIATED WITH CERTAIN ATTITUDE GENDER ROLES WOMANLINESS LIKE FEMININITY USUALLY ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENT VIEW GENDER ROLES FEMALENESS GENERAL TERM OFTEN USED SHORTHAND HUMAN FEMALENESS DISTAFF ARCHAIC ADJECTIVE DERIVED FROM WOMEN'S CONVENTIONAL ROLE SPINNER USED ONLY DELIBERATE ARCHAISM MULIEBRITY NEOLOGISM DERIVED FROM LATIN MEANT PROVIDE FEMALE COUNTERPART VIRILITY USED VERY LOOSELY SOMETIMES MEAN MERELY WOMANHOOD SOMETIMES FEMININITY SOMETIMES EVEN COLLECTIVE TERM WOMEN BIOLOGY GENDER HUMAN FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMIN TERMS BIOLOGY FEMALE ORGANS INVOLVED REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM WHEREAS SECONDARY CHARACTERISTICS INVOLVED NURTURING CHILDREN SOME CULTURES ATTRACTING MATE OVARIES ADDITION THEIR REGULATORY FUNCTION PRODUCING HORMONES PRODUCE FEMALE GAMETES CALLED EGGS WHICH WHEN FERTILIZED MALE GAMETES SPERM FORM GENETIC INDIVIDUALS UTERUS ORGAN WITH TISSUE PROTECT NURTURE DEVELOPING FETUS MUSCLE EXPEL WHEN GIVING BIRTH VAGINA USED COPULATION BIRTHING ALTHOUGH WORD VAGINA OFTEN COLLOQUIALLY INCORRECTLY USED VULVA EXTERNAL FEMALE GENITALIA WHICH ALSO INCLUDES LABIA CLITORIS FEMALE URETHRA BREAST EVOLVED FROM SWEAT GLAND PRODUCE MILK NUTRITIOUS SECRETION THAT MOST DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTIC MAMMALS ALONG WITH LIVE BIRTH MATURE WOMEN BREAST GENERALLY MORE PROMINENT THAN MOST OTHER MAMMALS THIS PROMINENCE NECESSARY MILK PRODUCTION PROBABLY LEAST PARTIALLY RESULT SEXUAL SELECTION OTHER WAYS WHICH COMMONLY DIFFER PHYSICALLY FROM WOMEN SPECTRAL KARYOTYPE HUMAN FEMALE COMBINATION FORMED WEEK GESTATION NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME RESOURCE INSTITUTEAN IMBALANCE MATERNAL HORMONAL LEVELS SOME CHEMICALS DRUGS ALTER SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS FETUSES MOST WOMEN HAVE KARYOTYPE AROUND THOUSAND WI

Thanks to HARU AVOLDRIC for these words.

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