Seed Words for SPACE
SPACE FROM WIKIPEDIA FREE ENCYCLOPEDIA THIS ARTICLE ABOUT GENERAL FRAMEWORK DISTANCE DIRECTION SPACE BEYOND EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE OUTER SPACE OTHER USES SPACE DISAMBIGUATION SPACE BOUNDLESS THREE-DIMENSIONAL EXTENT WHICH OBJECTS EXIST EVENTS OCCUR HAVE RELATIVE POSITION DIRECTION PHYSICAL SPACE OFTEN CONCEIVED THREE LINEAR DIMENSIONS ALTHOUGH MODERN PHYSICISTS USUALLY CONSIDER WITH TIME PART BOUNDLESS FOUR-DIMENSIONAL CONTINUUM KNOWN SPACETIME MATHEMATICS SPACES EXAMINED WITH DIFFERENT NUMBERS DIMENSIONS WITH DIFFERENT UNDERLYING STRUCTURES CONCEPT SPACE CONSIDERED FUNDAMENTAL IMPORTANCE UNDERSTANDING PHYSICAL UNIVERSE HOWEVER DISAGREEMENT CONTINUES BETWEEN PHILOSOPHERS OVER WHETHER ITSELF ENTITY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENTITIES PART CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK DEBATES CONCERNING NATURE ESSENCE MODE EXISTENCE SPACE DATE BACK ANTIQUITY NAMELY TREATISES LIKE TIMAEUS PLATO SOCRATES REFLECTIONS WHAT GREEKS CALLED KHORA SPACE PHYSICS ARISTOTLE BOOK DELTA DEFINITION TOPOS PLACE EVEN LATER GEOMETRICAL CONCEPTION PLACE SPACE EXTENSION DISCOURSE PLACE QAWL AL-MAKAN CENTURY ARAB POLYMATH ALHAZEN MANY THESE CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHICAL QUESTIONS WERE DISCUSSED RENAISSANCE THEN REFORMULATED CENTURY PARTICULARLY DURING EARLY DEVELOPMENT CLASSICAL MECHANICS ISAAC NEWTON'S VIEW SPACE ABSOLUTE—IN SENSE THAT EXISTED PERMANENTLY INDEPENDENTLY WHETHER THERE WERE MATTER SPACE OTHER NATURAL PHILOSOPHERS NOTABLY GOTTFRIED LEIBNIZ THOUGHT INSTEAD THAT SPACE FACT COLLECTION RELATIONS BETWEEN OBJECTS GIVEN THEIR DISTANCE DIRECTION FROM ANOTHER CENTURY PHILOSOPHER THEOLOGIAN GEORGE BERKELEY ATTEMPTED REFUTE VISIBILITY SPATIAL DEPTH ESSAY TOWARDS THEORY VISION LATER METAPHYSICIAN IMMANUEL KANT SAID NEITHER SPACE TIME EMPIRICALLY PERCEIVED THEY ELEMENTS SYSTEMATIC FRAMEWORK THAT HUMANS STRUCTURE EXPERIENCES KANT REFERRED SPACE CRITIQUE PURE REASON BEING SUBJECTIVE PURE PRIORI FORM INTUITION HENCE UNAVOIDABLE CONTRIBUTION HUMAN FACULTIES CENTURIES MATHEMATICIANS BEGAN EXAMINE NON-EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRIES WHICH SPACE SAID CURVED RATHER THAN FLAT ACCORDING ALBERT EINSTEIN'S THEORY GENERAL RELATIVITY SPACE AROUND GRAVITATIONAL FIELDS DEVIATES FROM EUCLIDEAN SPACE EXPERIMENTAL TESTS GENERAL RELATIVITY HAVE CONFIRMED THAT NON-EUCLIDEAN SPACE PROVIDES BETTER MODEL SHAPE SPACE CONTENTS HIDE PHILOSOPHY SPACE LEIBNIZ NEWTON KANT NON-EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY GAUSS POINCARé EINSTEIN MATHEMATICS PHYSICS CLASSICAL MECHANICS RELATIVITY COSMOLOGY SPATIAL MEASUREMENT GEOGRAPHICAL SPACE PSYCHOLOGY ALSO REFERENCES EXTERNAL LINKS PHILOSOPHY SPACE LEIBNIZ NEWTON GOTTFRIED LEIBNIZ SEVENTEENTH CENTURY PHILOSOPHY SPACE TIME EMERGED CENTRAL ISSUE EPISTEMOLOGY METAPHYSICS HEART GOTTFRIED LEIBNIZ GERMAN PHILOSOPHER-MATHEMATICIAN ISAAC NEWTON ENGLISH PHYSICIST-MATHEMATICIAN OPPOSING THEORIES WHAT SPACE RATHER THAN BEING ENTITY THAT INDEPENDENTLY EXISTS OVER ABOVE OTHER MATTER LEIBNIZ HELD THAT SPACE MORE THAN COLLECTION SPATIAL RELATIONS BETWEEN OBJECTS WORLD SPACE THAT WHICH RESULTS FROM PLACES TAKEN TOGETHER UNOCCUPIED REGIONS THOSE THAT COULD HAVE OBJECTS THEM THUS SPATIAL RELATIONS WITH OTHER PLACES LEIBNIZ THEN SPACE IDEALISED ABSTRACTION FROM RELATIONS BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL ENTITIES THEIR POSSIBLE LOCATIONS THEREFORE COULD CONTINUOUS MUST DISCRETE SPACE COULD THOUGHT SIMILAR RELATIONS BETWEEN FAMILY MEMBERS ALTHOUGH PEOPLE FAMILY RELATED ANOTHER RELATIONS EXIST INDEPENDENTLY PEOPLE LEIBNIZ ARGUED THAT SPACE COULD EXIST INDEPENDENTLY OBJECTS WORLD BECAUSE THAT IMPLIES DIFFERENCE BETWEEN UNIVERSES EXACTLY ALIKE EXCEPT LOCATION MATERIAL WORLD EACH UNIVERSE SINCE THERE WOULD OBSERVATIONAL TELLING THESE UNIVERSES APART THEN ACCORDING IDENTITY INDISCERNIBLES THERE WOULD REAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THEM ACCORDING PRINCIPLE SUFFICIENT REASON THEORY SPACE THAT IMPLIED THAT THERE COULD THESE POSSIBLE UNIVERSES MUST THEREFORE WRONG ISAAC NEWTON NEWTON TOOK SPACE MORE THAN RELATIONS BETWEEN MATERIAL OBJECTS BASED POSITION OBSERVATION EXPERIMENTATION RELATIONIST THERE REAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INERTIAL MOTION WHICH OBJECT TRAVELS WITH CONSTANT VELOCITY NON-INERTIAL MOTION WHICH VELOCITY CHANGES WITH TIME SINCE SPATIAL MEASUREMENTS RELATIVE OTHER OBJECTS THEIR MOTIONS NEWTON ARGUED THAT SINCE NON-INERTIAL MOTION GENERATES FORCES MUST ABSOLUTE USED EXAMPLE WATER SPINNING BUCKET DEMONSTRATE ARGUMENT WATER BUCKET HUNG FROM ROPE SPIN STARTS WITH FLAT SURFACE AFTER WHILE BUCKET CONTINUES SPIN SURFACE WATER BECOMES CONCAVE BUCKET'S SPINNING STOPPED THEN SURFACE WATER REMAINS CONCAVE CONTINUES SPIN CONCAVE SURFACE THEREFORE APPARENTLY RESULT RELATIVE MOTION BETWEEN BUCKET WATER INSTEAD NEWTON ARGUED MUST RESULT NON-INERTIAL MOTION RELATIVE SPACE ITSELF SEVERAL CENTURIES BUCKET ARGUMENT DECISIVE SHOWING THAT SPACE MUST EXIST INDEPENDENTLY MATTER KANT IMMANUEL KANT EIGHTEENTH CENTURY GERMAN PHILOSOPHER IMMANUEL KANT DEVELOPED THEORY KNOWLEDGE WHICH KNOWLEDGE ABOUT SPACE BOTH PRIORI SYNTHETIC ACCORDING KANT KNOWLEDGE ABOUT SPACE SYNTHETIC THAT STATEMENTS ABOUT SPACE SIMPLY TRUE VIRTUE MEANING WORDS STATEMENT WORK KANT REJECTED VIEW THAT SPACE MUST EITHER SUBSTANCE RELATION INSTEAD CAME CONCLUSION THAT SPACE TIME DISCOVERED HUMANS OBJECTIVE FEATURES WORLD PART UNAVOIDABLE SYSTEMATIC FRAMEWORK ORGANIZING EXPERIENCES NON-EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY SPHERICAL GEOMETRY SIMILAR ELLIPTICAL GEOMETRY SURFACE SPHERE THERE PARALLEL LINES EUCLID'S ELEMENTS CONTAINED FIVE POSTULATES THAT FORM BASIS EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY THESE PARALLEL POSTULATE BEEN SUBJECT DEBATE AMONG MATHEMATICIANS MANY CENTURIES STATES THAT PLANE WHICH THERE STRAIGHT LINE POINT THERE ONLY STRAIGHT LINE PLANE THAT PASSES THROUGH POINT PARALLEL STRAIGHT LINE UNTIL CENTURY DOUBTED TRUTH POSTULATE INSTEAD DEBATE CENTERED OVER WHETHER NECESSARY AXIOM WHETHER THEORY THAT COULD DERIVED FROM OTHER AXIOMS AROUND THOUGH HUNGARIAN JáNOS BOLYAI RUSSIAN NIKOLAI IVANOVICH LOBACHEVSKY SEPARATELY PUBLISHED TREATISES TYPE GEOMETRY THAT DOES INCLUDE PARALLEL POSTULATE CALLED HYPERBOLIC GEOMETRY THIS GEOMETRY INFINITE NUMBER PARALLEL LINES PASS THROUGH POINT CONSEQUENTLY ANGLES TRIANGLE LESS THAN RATIO CIRCLE'S CIRCUMFERENCE DIAMETER GREATER THAN BERNHARD RIEMANN DEVELOPED EQUIVALENT THEORY ELLIPTICAL GEOMETRY WHICH PARALLEL LINES PASS THROUGH THIS GEOMETRY TRIANGLES HAVE MORE THAN CIRCLES HAVE RATIO CIRCUMFERENCE-TO-DIAMETER THAT LESS THAN TYPE GEOMETRY NUMBER PARALLELS ANGLES TRIANGLE RATIO CIRCUMFERENCE DIAMETER CIRCLE MEASURE CURVATURE HYPERBOLIC INFINITE EUCLIDEAN ELLIPTICAL GAUSS POINCARé CARL FRIEDRICH GAUSS HENRI POINCARé ALTHOUGH THERE PREVAILING KANTIAN CONSENSUS TIME ONCE NON-EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRIES BEEN FORMALISED SOME BEGAN WONDER WHETHER PHYSICAL SPACE CURVED CARL FRIEDRICH GAUSS GERMAN MATHEMATICIAN FIRST CONSIDER EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION GEOMETRICAL STRUCTURE SPACE THOUGHT MAKING TEST ANGLES ENORMOUS STELLAR TRIANGLE THERE REPORTS ACTUALLY CARRIED TEST SMALL SCALE TRIANGULATING MOUNTAIN TOPS GERMANY HENRI POINCARé FRENCH MATHEMATICIAN PHYSICIST LATE CENTURY INTRODUCED IMPORTANT INSIGHT WHICH ATTEMPTED DEMONSTRATE FUTILITY ATTEMPT DISCOVER WHICH GEOMETRY APPLIES SPACE EXPERIMENT CONSIDERED PREDICAMENT THAT WOULD FACE SCIENTISTS THEY WERE CONFINED SURFACE IMAGINARY LARGE SPHERE WITH PARTICULAR PROPERTIES KNOWN SPHERE-WORLD THIS WORLD TEMPERATURE TAKEN VARY SUCH THAT OBJECTS EXPAND CONTRACT SIMILAR PROPORTIONS DIFFERENT PLACES SPHERE WITH SUITABLE FALLOFF TEMPERATURE SCIENTISTS MEASURING RODS DETERMINE ANGLES TRIANGLE THEY DECEIVED INTO THINKING THAT THEY INHABIT PLANE RATHER THAN SPHERICAL SURFACE FACT SCIENTISTS CANNOT PRINCIPLE DETERMINE WHETHER THEY INHABIT PLANE SPHERE POINCARé ARGUED SAME TRUE DEBATE OVER WHETHER REAL SPACE EUCLIDEAN WHICH GEOMETRY USED DESCRIBE SPACE MATTER CONVENTION SINCE EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY SIMPLER THAN NON-EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY ASSUMED FORMER WOULD ALWAYS USED DESCRIBE 'TRUE' GEOMETRY WORLD EINSTEIN ALBERT EINSTEIN ALBERT EINSTEIN PUBLISHED PAPER SPECIAL THEORY RELATIVITY WHICH PROPOSED THAT SPACE TIME COMBINED INTO SINGLE CONSTRUCT KNOWN SPACETIME THIS THEORY SPEED LIGHT VACUUM SAME OBSERVERS—WHICH RESULT THAT EVENTS THAT APPEAR SIMULTANEOUS PARTICULAR OBSERVER WILL SIMULTANEOUS ANOTHER OBSERVER OBSERVERS MOVING WITH RESPECT ANOTHER MOREOVER OBSERVER WILL MEASURE MOVING CLOCK TICK MORE SLOWLY THAN THAT STATIONARY WITH RESPECT THEM OBJECTS MEASURED SHORTENED DIRECTION THAT THEY MOVING WITH RESPECT OBSERVER OVER FOLLOWING YEARS EINSTEIN WORKED GENERAL THEORY RELATIVITY WHICH THEORY GRAVITY INTERACTS WITH SPACETIME INSTEAD VIEWING GRAVITY FORCE FIELD ACTING SPACETIME EINSTEIN SUGGESTED THAT MODIFIES GEOMETRIC STRUCTURE SPACETIME ITSELF ACCORDING GENERAL THEORY TIME GOES MORE SLOWLY PLACES WITH LOWER GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIALS RAYS LIGHT BEND PRESENCE GRAVITATIONAL FIELD SCIENTISTS HAVE STUDIED BEHAVIOUR BINARY PULSARS CONFIRMING PREDICTIONS EINSTEIN'S THEORIES NON-EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY USUALLY USED DESCRIBE SPACETIME MATHEMATICS MODERN MATHEMATICS SPACES DEFINED SETS WITH SOME ADDED STRUCTURE THEY FREQUENTLY DESCRIBED DIFFERENT TYPES MANIFOLDS WHICH SPACES THAT LOCALLY APPROXIMATE EUCLIDEAN SPACE WHERE PROPERTIES DEFINED LARGELY LOCAL CONNECTEDNESS POINTS THAT MANIFOLD THERE HOWEVER MANY DIVERSE MATHEMATICAL OBJECTS THAT CALLED SPACES EXAMPLE VECTOR SPACES SUCH FUNCTION SPACES HAVE INFINITE NUMBERS INDEPENDENT DIMENSIONS NOTION DISTANCE VERY DIFFERENT EUCLIDEAN SPACE TOPOLOGICAL SPACES REPLACE CONCEPT DISTANCE WITH MORE ABSTRACT IDEA NEARNESS PHYSICS CLASSICAL MECHANICS CLASSICAL MECHANICS HISTORY TIMELINE BRANCHES SHOW FORMULATIONS SHOW FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS SHOW CORE TOPICS SHOW ROTATIONAL MOTION SHOW SCIENTISTS SHOW SPACE FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITIES PHYSICS MEANING THAT CANNOT DEFINED OTHER QUANTITIES BECAUSE NOTHING MORE FUNDAMENTAL KNOWN PRESENT OTHER HAND RELATED OTHER FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITIES THUS SIMILAR OTHER FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITIES LIKE TIME MASS SPACE EXPLORED MEASUREMENT EXPERIMENT RELATIVITY MAIN ARTICLE THEORY RELATIVITY BEFORE EINSTEIN'S WORK RELATIVISTIC PHYSICS TIME SPACE WERE VIEWED INDEPENDENT DIMENSIONS EINSTEIN'S DISCOVERIES SHOWED THAT RELATIVITY MOTION SPACE TIME MATHEMATICALLY COMBINED INTO OBJECT SPACETIME TURNS THAT DISTANCES SPACE TIME SEPARATELY INVARIANT WITH RESPECT LORENTZ COORDINATE TRANSFORMATIONS DISTANCES MINKOWSKI SPACE-TIME ALONG SPACE-TIME INTERVALS ARE—WHICH JUSTIFIES NAME ADDITION TIME SPACE DIMENSIONS SHOULD VIEWED EXACTLY EQUIVALENT MINKOWSKI SPACE-TIME FREELY MOVE SPACE TIME THUS TIME SPACE COORDINATES TREATED DIFFERENTLY BOTH SPECIAL RELATIVITY WHERE TIME SOMETIMES CONSIDERED IMAGINARY COORDINATE GENERAL RELATIVITY WHERE DIFFERENT SIGNS ASSIGNED TIME SPACE COMPONENTS SPACETIME METRIC FURTHERMORE EINSTEIN'S GENERAL THEORY RELATIVITY POSTULATED THAT SPACE-TIME GEOMETRICALLY DISTORTED- CURVED -NEAR GRAVITATIONALLY SIGNIFICANT MASSES EXPERIMENTS ONGOING ATTEMPT DIRECTLY MEASURE GRAVITATIONAL WAVES THIS ESSENTIALLY SOLUTIONS EQUATIONS GENERAL RELATIVITY WHICH DESCRIBE MOVING RIPPLES SPACETIME INDIRECT EVIDENCE THIS BEEN FOUND MOTIONS HULSE-TAYLOR BINARY SYSTEM COSMOLOGY MAIN ARTICLE SHAPE UNIVERSE RELATIVITY THEORY LEADS COSMOLOGICAL QUESTION WHAT SHAPE UNIVERSE WHERE SPACE CAME FROM APPEARS THAT SPACE CREATED BANG BILLION YEARS BEEN EXPANDING EVER SINCE OVERALL SHAPE SPACE KNOWN SPACE KNOWN EXPANDING VERY RAPIDLY COSMIC INFLATION SPATIAL MEASUREMENT MAIN ARTICLE MEASUREMENT MEASUREMENT PHYSICAL SPACE LONG BEEN IMPORTANT ALTHOUGH EARLIER SOCIETIES DEVELOPED MEASURING SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM UNITS MOST COMMON SYSTEM UNITS USED MEASURING SPACE ALMOST UNIVERSALLY USED CURRENTLY STANDARD SPACE INTERVAL CALLED STANDARD METER SIMPLY METER DEFINED DISTANCE TRAVELED LIGHT VACUUM DURING TIME INTERVAL EXACTLY SECOND THIS DEFINITION COUPLED WITH PRESENT DEFINITION SECOND BASED SPECIAL THEORY RELATIVITY WHICH SPEED LIGHT PLAYS ROLE FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANT NATURE GEOGRAPHICAL SPACE ALSO SPATIAL ANALYSIS GEOGRAPHY BRANCH SCIENCE CONCERNED WITH IDENTIFYING DESCRIBING EARTH UTILIZING SPATIAL AWARENESS UNDERSTAND THINGS EXIST SPECIFIC LOCATIONS CARTOGRAPHY MAPPING SPACES ALLOW BETTER NAVIGATION VISUALIZATION PURPOSES LOCATIONAL DEVICE GEOSTATISTICS APPLY STATISTICAL CONCEPTS COLLECTED SPATIAL DATA CREATE ESTIMATE UNOBSERVED PHENOMENA GEOGRAPHICAL SPACE OFTEN CONSIDERED LAND HAVE RELATION OWNERSHIP USAGE WHICH SPACE SEEN PROPERTY TERRITORY WHILE SOME CULTURES ASSERT RIGHTS INDIVIDUAL TERMS OWNERSHIP OTHER CULTURES WILL IDENTIFY WITH COMMUNAL APPROACH LAND OWNERSHIP WHILE STILL OTHER CULTURES SUCH AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINALS RATHER THAN ASSERTING OWNERSHIP RIGHTS LAND INVERT RELATIONSHIP CONSIDER THAT THEY FACT OWNED LAND SPATIAL PLANNING METHOD REGULATING SPACE LAND-LEVEL WITH DECISIONS MADE REGIONAL NATIONAL INTERNATIONAL LEVELS SPACE ALSO IMPACT HUMAN CULTURAL BEHAVIOR BEING IMPORTANT FACTOR ARCHITECTURE WHERE WILL IMPACT DESIGN BUILDINGS STRUCTURES FARMING OWNERSHIP SPACE RESTRICTED LAND OWNERSHIP AIRSPACE WATERS DECIDED INTERNATIONALLY OTHER FORMS OWNERSHIP HAVE BEEN RECENTLY ASSERTED OTHER SPACES—FOR EXAMPLE RADIO BANDS ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM CYBERSPACE PUBLIC SPACE TERM USED DEFINE AREAS LAND COLLECTIVELY OWNED COMMUNITY MANAGED THEIR NAME DELEGATED BODIES SUCH SPACES OPEN WHILE PRIVATE PROPERTY LAND CULTURALLY OWNED INDIVIDUAL COMPANY THEIR PLEASURE ABSTRACT SPACE TERM USED GEOGRAPHY REFER HYPOTHETICAL SPACE CHARACTERIZED COMPLETE HOMOGENEITY WHEN MODELING ACTIVITY BEHAVIOR CONCEPTUAL TOOL USED LIMIT EXTRANEOUS VARIABLES SUCH TERRAIN PSYCHOLOGY PSYCHOLOGISTS FIRST BEGAN STUDY SPACE PERCEIVED MIDDLE CENTURY THOSE CONCERNED WITH SUCH STUDIES REGARD DISTINCT BRANCH PSYCHOLOGY PSYCHOLOGISTS ANALYZING PERCEPTION SPACE CONCERNED WITH RECOGNITION OBJECT'S PHYSICAL APPEARANCE INTERACTIONS PERCEIVED EXAMPLE VISUAL SPACE OTHER MORE SPECIALIZED TOPICS STUDIED INCLUDE AMODAL PERCEPTION OBJECT PERMANENCE PERCEPTION SURROUNDINGS IMPORTANT NECESSARY RELEVANCE SURVIVAL ESPECIALLY WITH REGARDS HUNTING SELF PRESERVATION WELL SIMPLY ONE'S IDEA PERSONAL SPACE SEVERAL SPACE-RELATED PHOBIAS HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED INCLUDING AGORAPHOBIA FEAR OPEN SPACES ASTROPHOBIA FEAR CELESTIAL SPACE CLAUSTROPHOBIA FEAR ENCLOSED SPACES ALSO BOOK SPACE ABSOLUTE SPACE TIME AETHER THEORIES COSMOLOGY EFFECT SPACEFLIGHT HUMAN BODY GENERAL RELATIVITY PERSONAL SPACE SHAPE UNIVERSE SPACE EXPLORATION SPATIAL-TEMPORAL REASONING SPATIAL ANALYSIS VISUAL SPACE SPACE PROPAGANDA REFERENCES BRITANNICA ONLINE ENCYCLOPEDIA SPACE REFER PLATO'S TIMAEUS LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY HARVARD UNIVERSITY REFLECTIONS KHORA ALSO ARISTOTLE'S PHYSICS BOOK CHAPTER DEFINITION TOPOS CONCERNING AL-HAYTHAM'S CENTURY CONCEPTION GEOMETRICAL PLACE SPATIAL EXTENSION WHICH AKIN DESCARTES' LEIBNIZ'S CENTURY NOTIONS EXTENSIO ANALYSIS SITUS MATHEMATICAL REFUTATION ARISTOTLE'S DEFINITION TOPOS NATURAL PHILOSOPHY REFER NADER EL-BIZRI DEFENCE SOVEREIGNTY PHILOSOPHY AL-BAGHDADI'S CRITIQUE AL-HAYTHAM'S GEOMETRISATION PLACE ARABIC SCIENCES PHILOSOPHY HISTORICAL JOURNAL CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS FRENCH EBISON CLASSICAL MECHANICS CARNAP INTRODUCTION PHILOSOPHY SCIENCE LEIBNIZ FIFTH LETTER SAMUEL CLARKE VAILATI LEIBNIZ CLARKE STUDY THEIR CORRESPONDENCE SKLAR PHILOSOPHY PHYSICS SKLAR PHILOSOPHY PHYSICS SKLAR PHILOSOPHY PHYSICS NEWTON'S BUCKET CARNAP INTRODUCTION PHILOSOPHY SCIENCE LUCAS JOHN RANDOLPH SPACE TIME CAUSALITY ISBN CARNAP INTRODUCTION PHILOSOPHY SCIENCE CARNAP INTRODUCTION PHILOSOPHY SCIENCE JAMMER CONCEPTS SPACE MEDIUM WITH VARIABLE INDEX REFRACTION COULD ALSO USED BEND PATH LIGHT AGAIN DECEIVE SCIENTISTS THEY ATTEMPT LIGHT THEIR GEOMETRY CARNAP INTRODUCTION PHILOSOPHY SCIENCE SKLAR PHILOSOPHY PHYSICS SKLAR PHILOSOPHY PHYSICS CHAPTERS JOHN WHEELER JOURNEY INTO GRAVITY SPACETIME SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN ISBN EXTERNAL LINKS WIKIQUOTE COLLECTION QUOTATIONS RELATED SPACE LOOK SPACE WIKTIONARY FREE DICTIONARY HIDE ELEMENTS NATURE UNIVERSE SPACE TIME MATTER ENERGY EARTH EARTH SCIENCE FUTURE EARTH GAIA HYPOTHESIS GEOLOGICAL HISTORY EARTH GEOLOGY HISTORY EARTH OCEANS PLATE TECTONICS STRUCTURE EARTH WEATHER ATMOSPHERE EARTH CLIMATE CLOUDS METEOROLOGY SUNLIGHT TIDES WIND ENVIRONMENT ECOLOGY ECOSYSTEM WILDERNESS WILDFIRES LIFE BIOLOGY EUKARYOTA PLANTS FLORA ANIMALS FAUNA FUNGI PROTISTA EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY LIFE EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE HIERARCHY LIFE ORGANISM ORIGIN LIFE PROKARYOTES ARCHAEA BACTERIA VIRUSES CATEGORY PORTAL CATEGORIES NOTHINGSPACESPACETIMETOPOLOGY NAVIGATION MENU CREATE ACCOUNTLOG INARTICLETALKREADVIEW SOURCEVIEW HISTORY MAIN PAGE CONTENTS FEATURED CONTENT CURRENT EVENTS RANDOM ARTICLE DONATE WIKIPEDIA INTERACTION HELP ABOUT WIKIPEDIA COMMUNITY PORTAL RECENT CHANGES CONTACT WIKIPEDIA TOOLBOX PRINT EXPORT LANGUAGES CATALà DANSK DEUTSCH EESTI ESPAñOL ESPERANTO EUSKARA FRANçAIS GALEGO HRVATSKI BAHASA INDONESIA INTERLINGUA ITALIANO LATINA LATVIEšU LIETUVI MAGYAR NEDERLANDS NORSK BOKMåL ZBEKCHA POLSKI PORTUGUêS ROMâN SARDU SHQIP SIMPLE ENGLISH SLOVEN SLOVENš SUOMI SVENSKA TATARçA TüRKçE ŽEMAIT EDIT LINKS THIS PAGE LAST MODIFIED FEBRUARY TEXT AVAILABLE UNDER CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION-SHAREALIKE LICENSE ADDITIONAL TERMS APPLY USING THIS SITE AGREE TERMS PRIVACY 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