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Seed Words for Catholic Church Article (Wikipedia)

NAME FURTHER INFORMATION ROMAN CATHOLIC TERM HISTORY TERM CATHOLIC TERM CATHOLIC DERIVED FROM GREEK WORD KATHOLIKOS MEANING UNIVERSAL FIRST USED DESCRIBE CHURCH EARLY CENTURY TERM KATHOLIKOS EQUIVALENT KATHOLOU CONTRACTION PHRASE KATH' HOLOU MEANING ACCORDING WHOLE CATHOLIC CHURCH KATHOLIKE EKKLESIA FIRST APPEARS LETTER IGNATIUS WRITTEN ABOUT CATECHETICAL DISCOURSES CYRIL JERUSALEM CATHOLIC CHURCH USED DISTINGUISH FROM OTHER GROUPS THAT ALSO CALL THEMSELVES CHURCH SINCE EAST-WEST SCHISM CHURCH THAT REMAINED COMMUNION WITH ROME CONTINUED CALL ITSELF CATHOLIC WHILE EASTERN CHURCHES HAVE GENERALLY BEEN KNOWN ORTHODOX EASTERN ORTHODOX FOLLOWING REFORMATION CENTURY CHURCH CONTINUED TERM CATHOLIC DISTINGUISH ITSELF FROM VARIOUS PROTESTANT DENOMINATIONS THAT SPLIT NAME CATHOLIC CHURCH MOST COMMON DESIGNATION USED OFFICIAL CHURCH DOCUMENTS ALSO TERM WHICH PAUL USED WHEN SIGNING DOCUMENTS SECOND VATICAN COUNCIL HOWEVER CHURCH DOCUMENTS PRODUCED BOTH HOLY CERTAIN NATIONAL EPISCOPAL CONFERENCES OCCASIONALLY REFER ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH CATECHISM POPE PIUS PUBLISHED ALSO USED TERM ROMAN DISTINGUISH CATHOLIC CHURCH FROM OTHER CHRISTIAN COMMUNITIES FULL COMMUNION WITH ROME ORGANISATION DEMOGRAPHICS CATHOLIC CHURCH MAJOR IURIS CHURCHES LISTED RITE LITURGICAL TRADITION LATIN CROSS USED WESTERN TRADITION PATRIARCHICAL CROSS USED EASTERN TRADITION WESTERN TRADITION LATIN CHURCH BYZANTINE TRADITION MELKITE CHURCH UKRAINIAN CATHOLIC CHURCH RUTHENIAN CATHOLIC CHURCH ROMANIAN CATHOLIC CHURCH ITALO-ALBANIAN CATHOLIC CHURCH EXPAND ANTIOCHIAN WEST SYRIAN TRADITION MARONITE CHURCH SYRIAC CATHOLIC CHURCH SYRO-MALANKARA CATHOLIC CHURCH CHALDEAN EAST SYRIAN TRADITION CHALDEAN CHURCH SYRO-MALABAR CATHOLIC CHURCH ARMENIAN TRADITION ARMENIAN CATHOLIC CHURCH ALEXANDRIAN TRADITION COPTIC CATHOLIC CHURCH ETHIOPIAN CATHOLIC CHURCH CATHOLICISM PORTAL THIS VIEW TALK EDIT PAPACY ROMAN CURIA MAIN ARTICLE CATHOLIC CHURCH HIERARCHY PAINTING HALOED JESUS CHRIST PASSING KEYS KNEELING CHURCH HOLDS THAT CHRIST INSTITUTED PAPACY UPON GIVING KEYS HEAVEN SAINT PETER REPRESENTED PAINTING PIETRO PERUGINO CHURCH'S HIERARCHY HEADED BISHOP ROME POPE POSITION WHICH MAKES LEADER WORLDWIDE CATHOLIC CHURCH WHICH COMPOSED LATIN CHURCH EASTERN CATHOLIC CHURCHES FULL COMMUNION WITH ROME CURRENT OFFICE-HOLDER POPE BENEDICT ELECTED PAPAL CONCLAVE APRIL NOTE OFFICE POPE KNOWN PAPACY ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION CALLED HOLY SANCTA SEDES LATIN APOSTOLIC MEANING APOSTLE SAINT PETER DIRECTLY SERVING POPE ROMAN CURIA CENTRAL GOVERNING BODY THAT ADMINISTERS DAY-TO-DAY BUSINESS CATHOLIC CHURCH POPE ALSO HEAD STATE VATICAN CITY STATE SOVEREIGN CITY-STATE ENTIRELY ENCLAVED WITHIN CITY ROME LEGAL ENTITY HOLY DISTINCT FROM THAT VATICAN CITY STATE FOREIGN RELATIONS ACCREDITED HOLY FOLLOWING DEATH RESIGNATION POPE NOTE MEMBERS COLLEGE CARDINALS UNDER MEET SISTINE CHAPEL ROME ELECT POPE POSITION CARDINAL RANK HONOUR BESTOWED POPES CERTAIN ECCLESIASTICS SUCH LEADERS WITHIN ROMAN CURIA BISHOPS SERVING MAJOR CITIES DISTINGUISHED THEOLOGIANS ALTHOUGH THIS ELECTION KNOWN PAPAL CONCLAVE THEORETICALLY ELECT MALE CATHOLIC POPE SINCE ONLY FELLOW CARDINALS HAVE BEEN ELEVATED THAT POSITION ADVICE ASSISTANCE GOVERNING POPE TURN COLLEGE CARDINALS NEXT HIGHEST LEVEL HIERARCHY AUTONOMOUS PARTICULAR CHURCHES MAIN ARTICLES LATIN CHURCH EASTERN CATHOLIC CHURCHES CATHOLIC CHURCH MADE AUTONOMOUS PARTICULAR CHURCHES EACH WHICH ACCEPTS PARAMOUNTCY BISHOP ROME MATTERS DOCTRINE THESE CHURCHES ALSO KNOWN LATIN TERM IURIS CHURCHES COMMUNITIES CATHOLIC CHRISTIANS WHOSE FORMS WORSHIP REFLECT DIFFERENT HISTORICAL CULTURAL INFLUENCES RATHER THAN DIFFERENCES DOCTRINE GENERAL EACH IURIS CHURCH HEADED PATRIARCH HIGH RANKING BISHOP DEGREE SELF-GOVERNANCE OVER PARTICULARS INTERNAL ORGANISATION LITURGICAL RITES LITURGICAL CALENDAR OTHER ASPECTS SPIRITUALITY LARGEST PARTICULAR CHURCHES LATIN CHURCH WHICH REPORTS OVER BILLION MEMBERS DEVELOPED WESTERN EUROPE NORTH AFRICA BEFORE SPREADING THROUGHOUT WORLD LATIN CHURCH CONSIDERED ITSELF OLDEST LARGEST BRANCH WESTERN CHRISTIANITY HERITAGE CERTAIN BELIEFS CUSTOMS ORIGINATING WESTERN EUROPE THAT ALSO SHARED MANY CHRISTIAN DENOMINATIONS THAT TRACE THEIR ORIGINS PROTESTANT REFORMATION RELATIVELY SMALL TERMS ADHERENTS COMPARED LATIN CHURCH IMPORTANT OVERALL STRUCTURE CHURCH SELF-GOVERNING EASTERN CATHOLIC CHURCHES WITH MEMBERSHIP MILLION EASTERN CATHOLIC CHURCHES FOLLOW TRADITIONS SPIRITUALITY EASTERN CHRISTIANITY COMPOSED EASTERN CHRISTIANS HAVE ALWAYS REMAINED FULL COMMUNION WITH CATHOLIC CHURCH HAVE CHOSEN REENTER FULL COMMUNION CENTURIES FOLLOWING EAST-WEST SCHISM EARLIER DIVISIONS SOME EASTERN CATHOLIC CHURCHES GOVERNED PATRIARCH ELECTED SYNOD BISHOPS THAT CHURCH OTHERS HEADED MAJOR ARCHBISHOP OTHERS UNDER METROPOLITAN OTHERS CONSIST INDIVIDUAL EPARCHIES ROMAN CURIA SPECIFIC DEPARTMENT CONGREGATION ORIENTAL CHURCHES MAINTAIN RELATIONS WITH THEM EXAMPLES EASTERN CATHOLIC CHURCHES FOUND SIDE MAJOR IURIS CHURCHES PART SERIES CHRISTIANITY CHRISTIANS HOLD JESUS CHRIST JESUS CHRIST HIDE JESUS CHRISTIANITY VIRGIN BIRTH CRUCIFIXION RESURRECTION BIBLE FOUNDATIONS HIDE TESTAMENT TESTAMENT GOSPEL CANON BOOKS APOCRYPHA CHURCH CREED KINGDOM COVENANT THEOLOGY HIDE FATHER HOLY SPIRIT APOLOGETICS BAPTISM CATHOLICISM CHRISTOLOGY HISTORY THEOLOGY MISSION SALVATION TRINITY HISTORY TRADITION HIDE APOSTLES MARY PETER PAUL FATHERS EARLY CONSTANTINE ECUMENICAL COUNCILS EAST–WEST SCHISM CRUSADES PROTESTANT REFORMATION GENERAL TOPICS HIDE CRITICISM ECUMENISM LITURGICAL YEAR LITURGY MUSIC OTHER RELIGIONS PRAYER SERMON SYMBOLISM DENOMINATIONS SHOW PORTAL ICON CHRISTIANITY PORTAL DIOCESES PARISHES RELIGIOUS ORDERS INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES REGIONS MAJOR CITIES SERVED LOCAL PARTICULAR CHURCHES KNOWN DIOCESES EPARCHIES EACH OVERSEEN CATHOLIC BISHOP EACH DIOCESE UNITED WITH WORLDWIDE IURIS PARTICULAR CHURCHES SUCH LATIN CHURCH MANY EASTERN CATHOLIC CHURCHES CATHOLIC CHURCH ALTOGETHER COMPRISED DIOCESES BISHOPS PARTICULAR COUNTRY REGION OFTEN ORGANISED INTO EPISCOPAL CONFERENCE WHICH AIDS MAINTAINING UNIFORM STYLE WORSHIP CO-ORDINATION SOCIAL JUSTICE PROGRAMMES WITHIN AREAS SERVED MEMBER BISHOPS DIOCESES FURTHER DIVIDED INTO NUMEROUS INDIVIDUAL COMMUNITIES CALLED PARISHES EACH STAFFED MORE PRIESTS DEACONS ECCLESIAL MINISTERS PARISHES RESPONSIBLE CELEBRATION SACRAMENTS PASTORAL CARE CATHOLIC LAITY ORDAINED CATHOLICS WELL MEMBERS LAITY ENTER INTO CONSECRATED LIFE EITHER INDIVIDUAL BASIS HERMIT CONSECRATED VIRGIN JOINING INSTITUTE CONSECRATED LIFE RELIGIOUS INSTITUTE SECULAR INSTITUTE WHICH TAKE VOWS CONFIRMING THEIR DESIRE FOLLOW THREE EVANGELICAL COUNSELS CHASTITY POVERTY OBEDIENCE EXAMPLES INSTITUTES CONSECRATED LIFE BENEDICTINES CARMELITES DOMINICANS FRANCISCANS MISSIONARIES CHARITY SISTERS MERCY MEMBERSHIP STATISTICS FURTHER INFORMATION CATHOLICISM COUNTRY TOTAL CHURCH MEMBERSHIP BOTH CLERICAL BILLION PEOPLE INCREASING FROM FIGURE MILLION FIGURE MILLION DECEMBER MEMBERSHIP BILLION INCREASE OVER SAME DATE ONLY SLIGHTLY GREATER THAN RATE INCREASE WORLD POPULATION INCREASE AFRICA ONLY EUROPE ASIA OCEANIA AMERICAS RESULT CATHOLICS WERE TOTAL POPULATION AFRICA AMERICAS ASIA EUROPE OCEANIA WORLD POPULATION WORLD'S CATHOLICS PROPORTION LIVING AFRICA GREW FROM WHILE THOSE LIVING EUROPE DECLINED FROM MEMBERSHIP CATHOLIC CHURCH ATTAINED THROUGH BAPTISM RECEPTION INTO CHURCH INDIVIDUALS PREVIOUSLY BAPTISED NON-CATHOLIC CHRISTIAN CHURCHES SOME YEARS UNTIL SOMEONE FORMALLY LEFT CHURCH THAT FACT NOTED REGISTER PERSON'S BAPTISM VATICAN RECORDS LISTED CATHOLIC PRIESTS WORLD MORE THAN BEGINNING YEAR MAIN GROWTH AREAS HAVE BEEN ASIA AFRICA WITH CENT CENT GROWTH RESPECTIVELY NORTH SOUTH AMERICA NUMBERS HAVE REMAINED APPROXIMATELY SAME WHILE THERE CENT DECLINE EUROPE CENT DECREASE OCEANIA FROM WORSHIP LITURGY MAIN ARTICLE CATHOLIC LITURGY ALTAR MARY'S CHURCH ALEXANDRIA VIRGINIA ALTAR CENTRE CATHOLIC WORSHIP BECAUSE THERE THAT HOLY SACRIFICE MASS TAKES PLACE AMONG AUTONOMOUS IURIS CHURCHES NUMEROUS FORMS WORSHIP LITURGICAL TRADITIONS EXIST CALLED RITES WHICH REFLECT HISTORICAL CULTURAL DIVERSITY RATHER THAN DIFFERENCES BELIEF DEFINITION CODE CANONS EASTERN CHURCHES RITE LITURGICAL THEOLOGICAL SPIRITUAL DISCIPLINARY PATRIMONY CULTURE CIRCUMSTANCES HISTORY DISTINCT PEOPLE WHICH MANNER LIVING FAITH MANIFESTED EACH CHURCH IURIS TERM OFTEN LIMITED LITURGICAL PATRIMONY MOST COMMONLY USED LITURGY ROMAN RITE EVEN LATIN CATHOLIC CHURCH OTHER RITES EASTERN CATHOLIC CHURCHES HAVE DISTINCT RITES CELEBRATION EUCHARIST RITES MASS DIVINE LITURGY CENTRE CATHOLIC WORSHIP CATHOLIC CHURCH TEACHES THAT EACH MASS BREAD WINE BECOME BODY BLOOD CHRIST WORDS CONSECRATION SPOKEN PRIEST CHURCH TEACHES THAT THIS HAPPENS THROUGH TRANSUBSTANTIATION WHICH ACCIDENTS PERCEPTIBLE ASPECTS SACRAMENTAL BREAD WINE REMAIN UNDERLYING SUBSTANCE TRANSMUTED INTO BODY BLOOD SOUL DIVINITY CHRIST WORDS CONSECRATION DRAWN FROM THREE SYNOPTIC GOSPELS PAULINE LETTER CHURCH TEACHES THAT CHRIST ESTABLISHED COVENANT WITH HUMANITY THROUGH INSTITUTION EUCHARIST LAST SUPPER DESCRIBED THESE BIBLICAL VERSES ENIM CORPUS MEUM ROMAN MISSAL DURING WORDS CONSECRATION LATIN BECAUSE CHURCH TEACHES THAT CHRIST PRESENT EUCHARIST THERE STRICT RULES ABOUT CELEBRATE RECEIVE EUCHARIST SACRAMENT ONLY CELEBRATED ORDAINED CATHOLIC PRIEST BISHOP THOSE CONSCIOUS BEING STATE MORTAL FORBIDDEN FROM RECEIVING SACRAMENT UNTIL THEY HAVE RECEIVED ABSOLUTION THROUGH SACRAMENT RECONCILIATION PENANCE CATHOLICS NORMALLY OBLIGED ABSTAIN FROM EATING LEAST HOUR BEFORE RECEIVING SACRAMENT CATHOLICS PERMITTED RECEIVE EUCHARIST CELEBRATED PROTESTANT CHURCHES WHICH VIEW CATHOLIC CHURCH LACK SACRAMENT HOLY ORDERS THUS ALSO LACK VALID EUCHARIST LIKEWISE PROTESTANTS NORMALLY PERMITTED RECEIVE COMMUNION CATHOLIC CHURCH THIS BECAUSE UNITY WITH CATHOLIC FAITH SEEN NECESSARY BEFORE PARTAKE CHURCH'S SACRAMENTS RELATION CHURCHES EASTERN CHRISTIANITY COMMUNION WITH HOLY CATHOLIC CHURCH LESS RESTRICTIVE DECLARING THAT CERTAIN COMMUNION SACRIS EUCHARIST GIVEN SUITABLE CIRCUMSTANCES APPROVAL CHURCH AUTHORITY MERELY POSSIBLE ENCOURAGED WESTERN LITURGICAL RITES CATHOLIC CHURCH STRUCTURE ROMAN RITE MASS ROMAN MISSAL CHALICE WITH PURIFICATOR PATEN PALL CRUCIFIX CANDLE INTRODUCTORY RITES ENTRANCE GREETING ALTAR PENITENCE KYRIE ELEISON GLORIA COLLECT LITURGY WORD BIBLICAL READINGS RESPONSORIAL PSALM HOMILY PROFESSION FAITH PRAYER FAITHFUL LITURGY EUCHARIST ALSO EUCHARIST CATHOLIC CHURCH PREPARATION GIFTS PRAYER OVER OFFERINGS EUCHARISTIC PRAYER COMMUNION RITE LORD’S PRAYER RITE PEACE FRACTION RECEPTION COMMUNION CONCLUDING RITES SOURCE GENERAL INSTRUCTION ROMAN MISSAL CATHOLICISM PORTAL TRIDENTINE MASS CHAPEL CATHEDRAL HOLY CROSS BOSTON APRIL THIS ANCIENT FORM ROMAN RITE DATES BACK MOST ELEMENTS CENTURIES OLDER ROMAN RITE MOST COMMON RITE WORSHIP USED CATHOLIC CHURCH FOUND WORLDWIDE SPREAD MISSIONARY ACTIVITY ORIGINATING EUROPEAN CATHOLIC NATIONS THROUGHOUT CHRISTIAN HISTORY FORMS ROMAN RITE AUTHORISED PRESENT THAT POST- EDITIONS ROMAN MISSAL MASS PAUL WHICH ORDINARY FORM RITE CELEBRATED MOSTLY VERNACULAR LANGUAGE PEOPLE THAT EDITION TRIDENTINE MASS EXTRAORDINARY FORM NOTE OUTLINE MAJOR LITURGICAL ELEMENTS ROMAN RITE MASS FOUND SIDE UNITED STATES ANGLICAN PARISHES HAVE BEEN CREATED THEY VARIATION ROMAN RITE THAT RETAINS SOME WORDING ANGLICAN LITURGICAL RITES NOTE IMPLEMENTATION EXPECTED AUTHORISATION GRANTED CREATION WHEREVER APPROPRIATE ORDINARIATES GROUPS ANGLICANS HAVE BEEN APPROVED ENTRANCE INTO CATHOLIC CHURCH FUTURE RITE THAT INCORPORATES ELEMENTS ANGLICAN TRADITION OTHER WESTERN LITURGICAL RITES NON-ROMAN INCLUDE AMBROSIAN RITE MOZARABIC RITE EASTERN LITURGICAL RITES EASTERN CATHOLIC BISHOP SYRO-MALABAR CHURCH HOLDING THOMA CROSS WHICH SYMBOLISES HERITAGE IDENTITY SAINT THOMAS CHRISTIANS INDIA LITURGICAL RITES EASTERN CATHOLIC CHURCHES VERY SIMILAR OFTEN IDENTICAL WITH RITES USED EASTERN ORTHODOX OTHER EASTERN CHRISTIAN CHURCHES WHICH HISTORICALLY DEVELOPED RUSSIA CAUCASUS BALKANS NORTHEASTERN AFRICA MIDDLE EAST LONGER COMMUNION WITH BISHOP ROME POPE EASTERN CATHOLIC CHURCHES EITHER GROUPS FAITHFUL WHICH HAVE RESTORED FULL COMMUNION WITH BISHOP ROME WHILE PRESERVING THEIR IDENTITY EASTERN CHRISTIANS GROUPS WITH WHICH FULL COMMUNION NEVER BEEN BROKEN RITES USED EASTERN CATHOLIC CHURCHES INCLUDE BYZANTINE RITE ANTIOCHIAN GREEK SLAVONIC VARIETIES ALEXANDRIAN RITE SYRIAC RITE ARMENIAN RITE MARONITE RITE CHALDEAN RITE PAST SOME RITES USED EASTERN CATHOLIC CHURCHES WERE SUBJECT SOME DEGREE LITURGICAL LATINISATION HOWEVER RECENT YEARS EASTERN CATHOLIC CHURCHES HAVE RETURNED TRADITIONAL EASTERN PRACTICES ACCORD WITH VATICAN DECREE ORIENTALIUM ECCLESIARUM EACH CHURCH LITURGICAL CALENDAR DOCTRINE ALSO CATHOLIC THEOLOGY CATHOLIC SOCIAL TEACHING FUNDAMENTAL BELIEFS CHRISTIAN RELIGION SUMMARISED NICENE CREED CATHOLICS THEY DETAILED CATECHISM CATHOLIC CHURCH BASED PROMISES CHRIST GOSPELS CHURCH BELIEVES THAT CONTINUALLY GUIDED HOLY SPIRIT PROTECTED INFALLIBLY FROM FALLING INTO DOCTRINAL ERROR CATHOLIC CHURCH TEACHES THAT HOLY SPIRIT REVEALS GOD'S TRUTH THROUGH SACRED SCRIPTURE SACRED TRADITION MAGISTERIUM SACRED SCRIPTURE CONSISTS BOOK CATHOLIC BIBLE THIS MADE BOOKS FOUND ANCIENT GREEK VERSION TESTAMENT—KNOWN SEPTUAGINT —AND TESTAMENT WRITINGS FIRST FOUND CODEX VATICANUS GRAECUS LISTED ATHANASIUS' THIRTY-NINTH FESTAL LETTER NOTE SACRED TRADITION CONSISTS THOSE TEACHINGS BELIEVED CHURCH HAVE BEEN HANDED DOWN SINCE TIME APOSTLES SACRED SCRIPTURE SACRED TRADITION COLLECTIVELY KNOWN DEPOSIT FAITH DEPOSITUM FIDEI THESE TURN INTERPRETED MAGISTERIUM FROM MAGISTER LATIN TEACHER CHURCH'S TEACHING AUTHORITY WHICH EXERCISED POPE COLLEGE BISHOPS UNION WITH POPE BISHOP ROME BLESSED MOTHER TERESA CALCUTTA DURING LIFETIME ADVOCATED SICK POOR NEEDY PRACTICING ACTS CORPORAL WORKS MERCY CALCUTTA INDIA CIRCA CATHOLIC SOCIAL TEACHING SOCIAL GOSPEL ESPOUSED JESUS CATHOLIC SOCIAL TEACHING PLACE HEAVY EMPHASIS CORPORAL WORKS MERCY SPIRITUAL WORKS MERCY NAMELY SUPPORT CONCERN SICK POOR AFFLICTED CHURCH TEACHING CALLS PREFERENTIAL OPTION POOR WHILE CANON PRESCRIBES THAT CHRISTIAN FAITHFUL ALSO OBLIGED PROMOTE SOCIAL JUSTICE MINDFUL PRECEPT LORD ASSIST POOR CHURCH ENUMERATES CORPORAL WORKS MERCY SPIRITUAL WORKS MERCY FOLLOWS CORPORAL WORKS MERCY SPIRITUAL WORKS MERCY FEED HUNGRY INSTRUCT IGNORANT GIVE DRINK THIRSTY COUNSEL DOUBTFUL CLOTHE NAKED ADMONISH SINNERS HARBOUR HARBOURLESS SHELTER HOMELESS BEAR WRONGS PATIENTLY VISIT SICK FORGIVE OFFENCES WILLINGLY RANSOM CAPTIVE COMFORT AFFLICTED BURY DEAD PRAY BOTH LIVING DEAD CATHOLIC CHURCH LARGEST NON-GOVERNMENTAL PROVIDER HEALTH SERVICES WORLD PONTIFICAL COUNCIL PASTORAL ASSISTANCE HEALTH CARE WORKERS SAID THAT CHURCH MANAGES HEALTH CARE FACILITIES WORLD INCLUDING HOSPITALS CLINICS ORPHANAGES PHARMACIES CENTRES THOSE WITH LEPROSY RELIGIOUS INSTITUTES WOMEN HAVE PLAYED PARTICULARLY PROMINENT ROLE PROVISION HEALTH EDUCATION SERVICES WITH ORDERS LIKE SISTERS MERCY LITTLE SISTERS POOR MISSIONARIES CHARITY SISTERS JOSEPH SACRED HEART SISTERS BLESSED SACRAMENT DAUGHTERS CHARITY SAINT VINCENT PAUL CHURCH ALSO ACTIVELY ENGAGED INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH ORGANISATIONS SUCH CATHOLIC RELIEF SERVICES CARITAS INTERNATIONAL CHURCH NEED REFUGEE ADVOCACY GROUPS SUCH JESUIT REFUGEE SERVICE COMMUNITY GROUPS LIKE SAINT VINCENT PAUL SOCIETY TRINITY CRUCIFIXION CHRIST FEATURING SAINT DISMAS CRIMINAL GESTAS ALBRECHT ALTDORFER CATHOLIC CHURCH HOLDS THAT THERE ETERNAL EXISTS MUTUAL INDWELLING THREE PERSONS FATHER HOLY SPIRIT WHICH MAKE TRINITY CATHOLICS BELIEVE THAT JESUS CHRIST SECOND PERSON TRINITY EVENT KNOWN INCARNATION THROUGH POWER HOLY SPIRIT BECAME UNITED WITH HUMAN NATURE THROUGH CONCEPTION CHRIST WOMB BLESSED VIRGIN MARY CHRIST THEREFORE BOTH FULLY DIVINE FULLY HUMAN TAUGHT THAT CHRIST'S MISSION EARTH INCLUDED GIVING PEOPLE TEACHINGS PROVIDING EXAMPLE THEM FOLLOW RECORDED FOUR GOSPELS CHURCH TEACHES THAT THROUGH PASSION SUFFERING CHRIST CRUCIFIXION DESCRIBED GOSPELS PEOPLE HAVE OPPORTUNITY FORGIVENESS FREEDOM FROM RECONCILED RESURRECTION JESUS GAINED HUMANS POSSIBLE SPIRITUAL IMMORTALITY PREVIOUSLY DENIED THEM BECAUSE ORIGINAL RECONCILING WITH FOLLOWING CHRIST'S WORDS DEEDS INDIVIDUAL ENTER KINGDOM WHICH REIGN OVER PEOPLE'S HEARTS LIVES GREEK TERM CHRIST HEBREW MESSIAH BOTH MEAN ANOINTED REFERRING CHRISTIAN BELIEF THAT JESUS' DEATH RESURRECTION FULFILLMENT TESTAMENT'S MESSIANIC PROPHECIES APOSTOLICITY ACCORDING CATECHISM CATHOLIC CHURCH PROFESSES SOLE CHURCH CHRIST WHICH DESCRIBED NICENE CREED HOLY CATHOLIC APOSTOLIC CHURCH CHURCH TEACHES THAT FOUNDER JESUS CHRIST APPOINTED TWELVE APOSTLES CONTINUE WORK CHURCH'S EARLIEST BISHOPS CATHOLIC BELIEF HOLDS THAT CHURCH CONTINUING PRESENCE JESUS EARTH THAT DULY CONSECRATED BISHOPS HAVE LINEAL SUCCESSION FROM APOSTLES PARTICULAR BISHOP ROME POPE CONSIDERED SUCCESSOR APOSTLE SIMON PETER FROM WHOM POPE DERIVES SUPREMACY OVER CHURCH CHURCH FURTHER DESCRIBED PAPAL ENCYCLICAL MYSTICI CORPORIS CHRISTI MYSTICAL BODY CHRIST CHURCH TEACHES THAT FULLNESS MEANS SALVATION EXISTS ONLY CATHOLIC CHURCH CHURCH ACKNOWLEDGES THAT HOLY SPIRIT MAKE CHRISTIAN COMMUNITIES SEPARATED FROM ITSELF IMPEL TOWARDS CATHOLIC UNITY THUS BRING PEOPLE SALVATION TEACHES THAT ANYONE SAVED SAVED THROUGH CHURCH THAT PEOPLE SAVED VOTO PRE-BAPTISMAL MARTYRDOM WELL WHEN CONDITIONS INVINCIBLE IGNORANCE PRESENT ALTHOUGH INVINCIBLE IGNORANCE ITSELF MEANS SALVATION SACRAMENTS MAIN ARTICLE SACRAMENTS CATHOLIC CHURCH CATHOLIC PRIEST DURING SACRAMENT BAPTISM ITALY ACCORDING COUNCIL TRENT CHRIST INSTITUTED SEVEN SACRAMENTS ENTRUSTED THEM CHURCH THESE BAPTISM CONFIRMATION EUCHARIST RECONCILIATION PENANCE ANOINTING SICK FORMERLY CALLED EXTREME UNCTION LAST RITES HOLY ORDERS HOLY MATRIMONY SACRAMENTS VISIBLE RITUALS THAT CATHOLICS SIGNS GOD'S PRESENCE EFFECTIVE CHANNELS GOD'S GRACE THOSE RECEIVE THEM WITH PROPER DISPOSITION OPERE OPERATO CATECHISM CATHOLIC CHURCH CATEGORISES SACRAMENTS INTO THREE GROUPS SACRAMENTS CHRISTIAN INITIATION SACRAMENTS HEALING SACRAMENTS SERVICE COMMUNION MISSION FAITHFUL THESE GROUPS BROADLY REFLECT STAGES PEOPLE'S NATURAL SPIRITUAL LIVES WHICH EACH SACRAMENT INTENDED SERVE SACRAMENTS CHRISTIAN INITIATION MAIN ARTICLE SACRAMENTS INITIATION BAPTISM VIEWED CATHOLIC CHURCH BAPTISM FIRST THREE SACRAMENTS INITIATION CHRISTIAN WASHES AWAY SINS BOTH ORIGINAL PERSONAL ACTUAL SINS MAKES PERSON MEMBER CHURCH GRATUITOUS GIFT THAT REQUIRES MERIT PART PERSON BAPTISED CONFERRED EVEN CHILDREN THOUGH THEY HAVE PERSONAL SINS NEED ACCOUNT ORIGINAL NEW-BORN CHILD DANGER DEATH ANYONE DOCTOR NURSE PARENT BAPTISE CHILD CITATION NEEDED BAPTISM MARKS PERSON PERMANENTLY CANNOT REPEATED CATHOLIC CHURCH RECOGNISES VALID BAPTISMS CONFERRED EVEN PEOPLE CATHOLICS CHRISTIANS PROVIDED THAT THEY INTEND BAPTISE WHAT CHURCH DOES WHEN BAPTISES THAT THEY TRINITARIAN BAPTISMAL FORMULA POPE BENEDICT CELEBRATES EUCHARIST CANONIZATION FREI GALVãO PAULO BRAZIL CONFIRMATION CATHOLIC CHURCH SEES SACRAMENT CONFIRMATION REQUIRED COMPLETE GRACE GIVEN BAPTISM WHEN ADULTS BAPTISED CONFIRMATION NORMALLY GIVEN IMMEDIATELY AFTERWARDS PRACTICE FOLLOWED EVEN INFANTS EASTERN CATHOLIC CHURCH WEST CONFIRMATION CHILDREN DELAYED UNTIL THEY ENOUGH UNDERSTAND EVEN UNTIL THEY THEIR TEENS WESTERN CHRISTIANITY PARTICULARLY CATHOLICISM SACRAMENT CALLED CONFIRMATION BECAUSE CONFIRMS STRENGTHENS GRACE BAPTISM EASTERN CHURCH CALLED CHRISMATION BECAUSE ESSENTIAL RITE ANOINTING PERSON WITH CHRISM MIXTURE OLIVE SOME PERFUMED SUBSTANCE USUALLY BALSAM BLESSED BISHOP THOSE RECEIVE CONFIRMATION MUST STATE GRACE WHICH THOSE HAVE REACHED REASON MEANS THAT THEY SHOULD FIRST CLEANSED SPIRITUALLY SACRAMENT PENANCE THEY SHOULD ALSO HAVE INTENTION RECEIVING SACRAMENT PREPARED SHOW THEIR LIVES THAT THEY CHRISTIANS EUCHARIST CATHOLICS EUCHARIST SACRAMENT WHICH COMPLETES CHRISTIAN INITIATION PERPETUATION SACRIFICE JESUS CROSS BANQUET WHICH CHRIST HIMSELF CONSUMED EUCHARISTIC SACRIFICE ALWAYS INCLUDES PRAYERS READINGS FROM BIBLE CONSECRATION WHEAT BREAD GRAPE WINE COMMUNION LEAST SOME PARTICIPANTS PARTICULAR PRIEST CONSECRATED ELEMENTS WHICH CONSECRATION BECOME SURPASSING UNDERSTANDING BODY BLOOD JESUS CHRIST CHANGE KNOWN TRANSUBSTANTIATION CEREMONY WHICH CATHOLIC FIRST RECEIVES EUCHARIST KNOWN FIRST COMMUNION CATHOLIC BELIEVER PRAYS CHURCH MEXICO SACRAMENTS HEALING SACRAMENTS HEALING SACRAMENT PENANCE ANOINTING SICK PENANCE SACRAMENT PENANCE ALSO CALLED RECONCILIATION FORGIVENESS CONFESSION CONVERSION EXISTS CONVERSION THOSE AFTER BAPTISM SEPARATE THEMSELVES FROM CHRIST ESSENTIAL THIS SACRAMENT ACTS BOTH SINNER EXAMINATION CONSCIENCE CONTRITION WITH DETERMINATION AGAIN CONFESSION PRIEST PERFORMANCE SOME REPAIR DAMAGE CAUSED PRIEST DETERMINATION REPARATION PERFORMED ABSOLUTION SERIOUS SINS MORTAL SINS MUST CONFESSED WITHIN MOST YEAR ALWAYS BEFORE RECEIVING HOLY COMMUNION WHILE CONFESSION VENIAL SINS ALSO RECOMMENDED PRIEST BOUND UNDER SEVEREST PENALTIES MAINTAIN SEAL CONFESSION ABSOLUTE SECRECY ABOUT SINS REVEALED CONFESSION ANOINTING SICK WHILE CHRISM USED ONLY THREE SACRAMENTS THAT CANNOT REPEATED BAPTISM CONFIRMATION ORDINATION DIFFERENT USED PRIEST BISHOP BLESS CATHOLIC BECAUSE ILLNESS BEGUN DANGER DEATH THIS SACRAMENT KNOWN ANOINTING SICK BELIEVED GIVE COMFORT PEACE COURAGE SICK PERSON UNABLE MAKE CONFESSION EVEN FORGIVENESS SINS ALTHOUGH RESERVED THOSE PROXIMATE DANGER DEATH OFTEN ADMINISTERED LAST RITES SACRAMENTS SERVICE COMMUNION ACCORDING CATECHISM CATHOLIC CHURCH THERE SACRAMENTS COMMUNION DIRECTED TOWARDS SALVATION OTHERS PRIESTHOOD MARRIAGE WITHIN GENERAL VOCATION CHRISTIAN THESE SACRAMENTS CONSECRATE SPECIFIC MISSION VOCATION AMONG PEOPLE RECEIVE HOLY ORDERS FEED CHURCH WORD GRACE SPOUSES MARRY THAT THEIR LOVE FORTIFIED FULFIL DUTIES THEIR STATE ORDINATION HOLY ORDERS SACRAMENT THREE DEGREES ORDERS EPISCOPATE BISHOPS PRESBYTERATE PRIESTS DIACONATE DEACONS WHICH CONSECRATES DEPUTES SOME CHRISTIANS SERVE WHOLE BODY THESE SPECIFIC TITLES CHURCH DEFINED RULES ORDAINED INTO CLERGY LATIN RITE PRIESTHOOD DIACONATE GENERALLY RESTRICTED CELIBATE ALREADY MARRIED ORDAINED EASTERN CATHOLIC CHURCHES MOST COUNTRIES BECOME DEACONS EVEN WESTERN CHURCH CLERICAL MARRIAGE AFTER BECOMING ROMAN CATHOLIC PRIEST MARRIED CLERICAL CELIBACY UNLESS LATER FORMALLY LAICISED CLERGY WHETHER DEACONS PRIESTS BISHOPS PREACH TEACH BAPTISE WITNESS MARRIAGES CONDUCT FUNERAL LITURGIES ONLY BISHOPS PRIESTS ADMINISTER SACRAMENTS EUCHARIST RECONCILIATION PENANCE ANOINTING SICK ONLY BISHOPS ADMINISTER SACRAMENT HOLY ORDERS WHICH ORDAINS SOMEONE INTO CLERGY MATRIMONY MARRIAGE UNDERSTOOD INDISSOLUBLE UNION BETWEEN WOMAN ENTERED INTO VALIDLY BAPTISED BAPTISED WOMAN CONSIDERED SACRAMENT CATHOLIC CHURCH CHURCH DOES RECOGNISE DIVORCE ENDING VALID MARRIAGE ALLOWS STATE RECOGNISED DIVORCE ONLY MEANS PROTECTING CHILDREN PROPERTY WITHOUT ALLOWING REMARRIAGE FOLLOWING SUCH DIVORCE APART FROM REQUIREMENTS SUCH FREEDOM CONSENT THAT SEES APPLICABLE CHURCH ESTABLISHED CERTAIN SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS VALIDITY MARRIAGES CATHOLICS FAILURE OBSERVE CHURCH'S REGULATIONS WELL DEFECTS APPLICABLE MARRIAGES GROUNDS CHURCH DECLARATION INVALIDITY MARRIAGE DECLARATION USUALLY REFERRED ANNULMENT JUDGMENT AFTER DEATH CHURCH TEACHES THAT IMMEDIATELY AFTER DEATH SOUL EACH PERSON WILL RECEIVE PARTICULAR JUDGMENT FROM THIS TEACHING ALSO ATTESTS ANOTHER WHEN CHRIST WILL UNIVERSAL JUDGMENT MANKIND THIS FINAL JUDGMENT ACCORDING CHURCH TEACHING WILL BRING HUMAN HISTORY MARK BEGINNING BETTER HEAVEN EARTH RULED RIGHTEOUSNESS BASIS WHICH EACH PERSON'S SOUL JUDGED DETAILED GOSPEL MATTHEW WHICH LISTS WORKS MERCY PERFORMED EVEN PEOPLE CONSIDERED LEAST CHRIST'S BROTHERS EMPHASIS UPON CHRIST'S WORDS THAT EVERYONE SAYS 'LORD LORD SHALL ENTER KINGDOM HEAVEN DOES WILL FATHER HEAVEN ACCORDING CATECHISM LAST JUDGEMENT WILL REVEAL EVEN FURTHEST CONSEQUENCES GOOD EACH PERSON DONE FAILED DURING EARTHLY LIFE DEPENDING JUDGEMENT RENDERED SOUL ENTER THREE STATES AFTERLIFE HEAVEN TIME GLORIOUS UNION WITH LIFE UNSPEAKABLE THAT LASTS FOREVER PURGATORY TEMPORARY CONDITION PURIFICATION SOULS ALTHOUGH SAVED FREE ENOUGH FROM ENTER DIRECTLY INTO HEAVEN SOULS PURGATORY AIDED REACHING HEAVEN PRAYERS FAITHFUL EARTH INTERCESSION SAINTS FINAL DAMNATION FINALLY THOSE PERSIST LIVING STATE MORTAL REPENT BEFORE DEATH SUBJECT THEMSELVES HELL EVERLASTING SEPARATION FROM CHURCH TEACHES THAT CONDEMNED HELL WITHOUT HAVING FREELY DECIDED REJECT PREDESTINED HELL DETERMINE WHETHER ANYONE ELSE BEEN CONDEMNED CATHOLICISM TEACHES THAT THROUGH GOD'S MERCY PERSON REPENT POINT BEFORE DEATH SAVED SOME CATHOLIC THEOLOGIANS HAVE SPECULATED THAT SOULS UNBAPTISED INFANTS ORIGINAL ASSIGNED LIMBO ALTHOUGH THIS OFFICIAL DOCTRINE CHURCH VIRGIN MARY BLESSED VIRGIN MARY HIGHLY REGARDED CATHOLIC CHURCH PROCLAIMING MOTHER FREE FROM ORIGINAL INTERCESSOR MAIN ARTICLES BLESSED VIRGIN MARY ROMAN CATHOLIC ROMAN CATHOLIC MARIOLOGY ALSO MARY MOTHER JESUS DEVOTIONS MARY PART CATHOLIC PIETY DISTINCT FROM WORSHIP CHURCH HOLDS MARY PERPETUAL VIRGIN MOTHER SPECIAL REGARD CATHOLIC BELIEFS CONCERNING MARY INCLUDE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION WITHOUT STAIN ORIGINAL BODILY ASSUMPTION INTO HEAVEN LIFE BOTH WHICH HAVE BEEN INFALLIBLY DEFINED DOGMA POPE PIUS POPE PIUS RESPECTIVELY MARIOLOGY DEALS ONLY WITH LIFE ALSO VENERATION DAILY LIFE PRAYER MARIAN MUSIC ARCHITECTURE SEVERAL LITURGICAL MARIAN FEASTS CELEBRATED THROUGHOUT CHURCH YEAR HONOURED WITH MANY TITLES SUCH QUEEN HEAVEN POPE PAUL CALLED MOTHER CHURCH BECAUSE GIVING BIRTH CHRIST CONSIDERED SPIRITUAL MOTHER EACH MEMBER BODY CHRIST BECAUSE INFLUENTIAL ROLE LIFE JESUS PRAYERS DEVOTIONS SUCH ROSARY HAIL MARY SALVE REGINA MEMORARE COMMON CATHOLIC PRACTICES CHURCH AFFIRMED CERTAIN MARIAN APPARITIONS LOURDES FáTIMA GUADALUPE SHRINE LADY GOOD HELP PILGRIMAGES THESE SITES POPULAR CATHOLIC DEVOTIONS HISTORY MAIN ARTICLE HISTORY CATHOLIC CHURCH ALSO EARLY HISTORY CHRISTIANITY HISTORIOGRAPHY EARLY CHRISTIANITY THIS DETAIL FRESCO PIETRO PERUGINO SISTINE CHAPEL SHOWS JESUS GIVING KEYS HEAVEN SAINT PETER APOSTOLIC PERIOD CATHOLIC TRADITION DOCTRINE HOLD THAT CATHOLIC CHURCH FOUNDED JESUS CHRIST CENTURY JUDEA WITHIN ROMAN EMPIRE TESTAMENT RECORDS JESUS' ACTIVITIES TEACHING APPOINTMENT TWELVE APOSTLES INSTRUCTIONS THEM CONTINUE WORK CATHOLIC CHURCH TEACHES THAT COMING HOLY SPIRIT UPON APOSTLES EVENT KNOWN PENTECOST SIGNALLED BEGINNING PUBLIC MINISTRY CATHOLIC CHURCH CATHOLIC DOCTRINE TEACHES THAT CONTEMPORARY CATHOLIC CHURCH CONTINUATION THIS EARLY CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY INTERPRETS CONFESSION PETER FOUND GOSPEL MATTHEW CHRIST'S DESIGNATION SAINT PETER APOSTLE SUCCESSORS BISHOPS ROME TEMPORAL HEAD CHURCH DOCTRINE KNOWN APOSTOLIC SUCCESSION SPREAD THROUGHOUT ROMAN EMPIRE CONDITIONS ROMAN EMPIRE FACILITATED SPREAD IDEAS EMPIRE'S WELL-DEFINED NETWORK ROADS WATERWAYS ALLOWED EASIER TRAVEL WHILE ROMANA MADE SAFE TRAVEL FROM REGION ANOTHER GOVERNMENT ENCOURAGED INHABITANTS ESPECIALLY THOSE URBAN AREAS LEARN GREEK COMMON LANGUAGE WHICH ALLOWED IDEAS MORE EASILY EXPRESSED UNDERSTOOD UNLIKE MOST RELIGIONS ROMAN EMPIRE HOWEVER CHRISTIANITY REQUIRED ADHERENTS RENOUNCE OTHER GODS PRACTICE ADOPTED FROM JUDAISM IDOLATRY CHRISTIANS' REFUSAL JOIN PAGAN CELEBRATIONS MEANT THEY WERE UNABLE PARTICIPATE MUCH PUBLIC LIFE WHICH CAUSED NON-CHRISTIANS—INCLUDING GOVERNMENT AUTHORITIES—TO FEAR THAT CHRISTIANS WERE ANGERING GODS THEREBY THREATENING PEACE PROSPERITY EMPIRE RESULTING PERSECUTIONS WERE DEFINING FEATURE CHRISTIAN SELF-UNDERSTANDING UNTIL CHRISTIANITY LEGALISED CENTURY STRUGGLES EARLY CHURCH WERE LESSENED LEGALISATION CHRISTIANITY EMPEROR CONSTANTINE CHRISTIANITY BECAME STATE RELIGION ROMAN EMPIRE DECREE EMPEROR WHICH WOULD PERSIST UNTIL FALL WESTERN ROMAN EMPIRE LATER WITH EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE UNTIL FALL CONSTANTINOPLE DURING THIS TIME PERIOD SEVEN ECUMENICAL COUNCILS THERE WERE CONSIDERED FIVE PRIMARY SEES ACCORDING EUSEBIUS ROME CONSTANTINOPLE ANTIOCH JERUSALEM ALEXANDRIA KNOWN PENTARCHY LATE ANTIQUITY AFTER DESTRUCTION WESTERN ROMAN EMPIRE WESTERN CHRISTIANITY MAJOR FACTOR PRESERVATION CLASSICAL CIVILISATION DURING DARK AGES PRESERVING CLASSICAL WORKS ARTS KEEPING LITERACY FROM BEING FORGOTTEN ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPT CITATION NEEDED WHILE ESTABLISHING MONASTERIES SENDING MISSIONARIES CONVERT PEOPLES NORTHERN EUROPE IRELAND NORTH EASTERN CHRISTIANITY BYZANTINE EMPIRE PRESERVED ORTHODOXY WELL AFTER MASSIVE INVASIONS ISLAM MID- CENTURY INVASIONS ISLAM DEVASTATED THREE FIVE PATRIARCHAL SEES CAPTURING JERUSALEM FIRST THEN ALEXANDRIA THEN FINALLY MID- CENTURY ANTIOCH WHOLE PERIOD NEXT FIVE CENTURIES DOMINATED STRUGGLE BETWEEN CHRISTIANITY ISLAM THROUGHOUT MEDITERRANEAN BASIN BATTLES POITIERS TOULOUSE PRESERVED CATHOLIC TRADITION EVEN THOUGH ROME ITSELF RAVAGED CONSTANTINOPLE BESIEGED MIDDLE AGES CHURCH DOMINANT INFLUENCE DEVELOPMENT WESTERN OVERSEEING RISE ROMANESQUE GOTHIC RENAISSANCE STYLES ARCHITECTURE RENAISSANCE ARTISTS SUCH RAPHAEL MICHELANGELO VINCI BERNINI BOTTICELLI ANGELICO TINTORETTO CARAVAGGIO TITIAN WERE AMONG MULTITUDE ARTISTS SPONSORED CHURCH MUSIC CATHOLIC MONKS DEVELOPED FIRST FORMS MODERN WESTERN MUSICAL NOTATION ORDER STANDARDISE LITURGY THROUGHOUT WORLDWIDE CHURCH ENORMOUS BODY RELIGIOUS MUSIC BEEN COMPOSED THROUGH AGES THIS DIRECTLY EMERGENCE DEVELOPMENT EUROPEAN CLASSICAL MUSIC MANY DERIVATIVES MENDICANT ORDERS WERE FOUNDED FRANCIS ASSISI DOMINIC GUZMáN WHICH BROUGHT CONSECRATED RELIGIOUS LIFE INTO URBAN SETTINGS THESE ORDERS ALSO PLAYED LARGE ROLE DEVELOPMENT CATHEDRAL SCHOOLS INTO UNIVERSITIES SCHOLASTIC THEOLOGIANS SUCH DOMINICAN PRIEST THOMAS AQUINAS STUDIED TAUGHT SUCH UNIVERSITIES SUMMA THEOLOGICA INTELLECTUAL ACHIEVEMENT SYNTHESIS ARISTOTELIAN THOUGHT CHRISTIANITY DOCTRINAL DISPUTES SCHISMS ALSO CRITICISM CATHOLIC ACTIONS HISTORY CENTURY ALREADY STRAINED RELATIONS BETWEEN PRIMARILY GREEK CHURCH LATIN CHURCH SEPARATED THEM INTO EASTERN CHRISTIANITY WESTERN CHRISTIANITY RESPECTIVELY PARTIALLY CONFLICTS OVER PAPAL AUTHORITY FOURTH CRUSADE SACKING CONSTANTINOPLE RENEGADE CRUSADERS PROVED FINAL BREACH CENTURY RESPONSE PROTESTANT REFORMATION CATHOLIC CHURCH ENGAGED PROCESS SUBSTANTIAL REFORM RENEWAL KNOWN COUNTER-REFORMATION SUBSEQUENT CENTURIES CATHOLICISM SPREAD WIDELY ACROSS WORLD DESPITE EXPERIENCING REDUCTION HOLD EUROPEAN POPULATIONS GROWTH RELIGIOUS SCEPTICISM DURING AFTER ENLIGHTENMENT POPE PIUS WITH SUPPORT OVERWHELMING MAJORITY ROMAN CATHOLIC BISHOPS WHOM CONSULTED FROM PROCLAIMED DOGMA IMMACULATE CONCEPTION FIRST VATICAN COUNCIL AFFIRMED DOCTRINE PAPAL INFALLIBILITY WHEN EXERCISED SPECIFICALLY DEFINED PRONOUNCEMENTS CONTROVERSY OVER THIS OTHER ISSUES RESULTED BREAKAWAY MOVEMENT CALLED CATHOLIC CHURCH SECOND VATICAN COUNCIL SECOND VATICAN COUNCIL INTRODUCED MOST SIGNIFICANT CHANGES CATHOLIC PRACTICES SINCE COUNCIL TRENT FOUR CENTURIES BEFORE INITIATED POPE JOHN XXIII THIS ECUMENICAL COUNCIL MODERNISED PRACTICES CATHOLIC CHURCH ALLOWING MASS SAID VERNACULAR LOCAL LANGUAGE ENCOURAGING FULLY CONSCIOUS ACTIVE PARTICIPATION LITURGICAL CELEBRATIONS INTENDED ENGAGE CHURCH MORE CLOSELY WITH PRESENT WORLD AGGIORNAMENTO WHICH DESCRIBED ADVOCATES OPENING WINDOWS ADDITION CHANGES LITURGY CHANGES CHURCH'S APPROACH ECUMENISM CALL IMPROVED RELATIONS WITH NON-CHRISTIAN RELIGIONS ESPECIALLY JUDAISM DOCUMENT NOSTRA AETATE COUNCIL HOWEVER GENERATED SIGNIFICANT CONTROVERSY IMPLEMENTING REFORMS PROPONENTS SPIRIT VATICAN SUCH SWISS THEOLOGIAN HANS KüNG CLAIMED VATICAN GONE ENOUGH CHANGE CHURCH POLICIES TRADITIONALIST CATHOLICS SUCH ARCHBISHOP MARCEL LEFEBVRE HOWEVER STRONGLY CRITICISED COUNCIL ARGUING THAT COUNCIL'S LITURGICAL REFORMS DESTRUCTION HOLY SACRIFICE MASS SACRAMENTS AMONG OTHER ISSUES EVANGELISATION POPE JOHN PAUL WITH PRESIDENT RONALD REAGAN POPE JOHN PAUL RECOGNISED NEED EVANGELISE INCREASINGLY SECULAR WORLD USED MEANS REACH FAITHFUL INSTITUTED WORLD YOUTH WORLDWIDE ENCOUNTER WITH POPE YOUNG PEOPLE FROM OVER WORLD WHICH CELEBRATED EVERY THREE YEARS TRAVELLED MORE THAN OTHER POPE VISITING COUNTRIES PREACHING GOSPEL NEARLY EVERY PART WORLD ALSO USED TELEVISION RADIO MEANS SPREADING GOSPEL CONTEMPORARY ISSUES MAIN ARTICLE HISTORY CATHOLIC CHURCH SINCE ALSO CRITICISM CATHOLIC CHURCH SOCIAL JUSTICE ISSUES MAIN ARTICLE CATHOLIC SOCIAL TEACHING POPE JOHN PAUL FORMERLY ARCHBISHOP KRAKóW THEN-COMMUNIST POLAND BECAME FIRST NON-ITALIAN POPE YEARS -YEAR PONTIFICATE LONGEST HISTORY MIKHAIL GORBACHEV PRESIDENT SOVIET UNION CREDITED POLISH POPE WITH HASTENING FALL COMMUNISM EUROPE SAINT VINCENT PAUL SOCIETY BUILDING WAGGA WAGGA AUSTRALIA CATHOLIC COMMUNITY GROUPS SUCH THESE PROVIDE RELIEF SICK POOR HELPLESS DESTITUTE NEEDY CATHOLIC MOTHER TERESA CALCUTTA AWARDED NOBEL PEACE PRIZE HUMANITARIAN WORK AMONG INDIA'S POOR BISHOP CARLOS FILIPE XIMENES BELO SAME AWARD WORK TOWARDS JUST PEACEFUL SOLUTION CONFLICT EAST TIMOR SEXUALITY GENDER ISSUES ALSO CATHOLIC CHURCH WOMEN CATHOLIC TEACHINGS SEXUAL MORALITY HOMOSEXUALITY ROMAN CATHOLICISM CATHOLIC ORDINATION WOMEN SOON AFTER CLOSE SECOND VATICAN COUNCIL CHURCH TEACHINGS ABOUT SEXUALITY BECAME ISSUE INCREASING CONTROVERSY CHANGING CULTURAL ATTITUDES WESTERN WORLD SEXUAL REVOLUTION CHURCH TEACHES THAT SEXUAL INTERCOURSE SHOULD ONLY TAKE PLACE BETWEEN MARRIED WOMAN SHOULD WITHOUT ARTIFICIAL BIRTH CONTROL CONTRACEPTION ENCYCLICAL HUMANAE VITAE POPE PAUL FIRMLY REJECTED ARTIFICIAL CONTRACEPTION THUS CONTRADICTING THOSE CHURCH THAT BIRTH CONTROL PILL ETHICALLY JUSTIFIABLE METHOD CONTRACEPTION THOUGH PERMITTED REGULATION BIRTHS MEANS NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING THIS TEACHING CONTINUED ESPECIALLY JOHN PAUL ENCYCLICAL EVANGELIUM VITAE WHERE CLARIFIED CHURCH'S POSITION CONTRACEPTION ABORTION EUTHANASIA CONDEMNING THEM PART CULTURE DEATH CALLING INSTEAD CULTURE LIFE CHURCH TEACHES THAT HOMOSEXUAL INCLINATIONS OBJECTIVELY DISORDERED HOMOSEXUAL BEHAVIOR CONTRARY NATURAL CHURCH TEACHES THAT PEOPLE HAVE HOMOSEXUAL TENDENCIES CALLED LIVE CHASTELY SUCH OFFERS HELP THOSE WISH OVERCOME THEIR TENDENCY TOWARDS THEIR BECAUSE THESE TEACHINGS WELL TEACHING THAT MARRIAGE BETWEEN WOMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH FIRMLY OPPOSES SAME-SEX MARRIAGE HOWEVER THIS POSITION WELL POSITION HOMOSEXUALITY GENERAL GENERATED CRITICISM FROM NON-CATHOLICS WELL NUMBER CATHOLICS RELIGIOUS VOCATIONS CATHOLIC WOMEN ASCRIBED DIFFERENT ROLES—MEN SERVE DEACONS PRIESTS FRIARS MONKS BROTHERS ABBOTTS EPISCOPAL POSITIONS WHILE WOMEN SERVE NUNS RELIGIOUS SISTERS ABBESSES MONKS BROTHERS OFTEN HOUSE TOGETHER MONASTERIES WHILE NUNS SISTERS HOUSE THEMSELVES CONVENTS THOUGH ABBEY HOST RELIGIOUS COMMUNITY WOMEN OTHER ROLES CHURCH DOES DISTINGUISH BETWEEN WOMEN EQUALLY RECOGNISED SAINTS DOCTORS CHURCH CATECHISTS SCHOOLS ALTAR SERVERS EXTRAORDINARY MINISTERS HOLY COMMUNION MASS READERS DURING LITURGY WHILE HOLY ORDERS RESERVED CATHOLIC WOMEN HAVE PLAYED DIVERSE ROLES LIFE CHURCH WITH RELIGIOUS INSTITUTES PROVIDING FORMAL SPACE THEIR PARTICIPATION CONVENTS PROVIDING SPACES THEIR SELF-GOVERNMENT PRAYER INFLUENCE THROUGH MANY CENTURIES RELIGIOUS SISTERS NUNS HAVE BEEN EXTENSIVELY INVOLVED DEVELOPING RUNNING CHURCH'S WORLDWIDE HEALTH EDUCATION SERVICE NETWORKS EFFORTS SUPPORT ORDINATION WOMEN SEVERAL RULINGS ROMAN CURIA POPES AGAINST PROPOSAL DECLARATION QUESTION ADMISSION WOMEN MINISTERIAL PRIESTHOOD MULIERIS DIGNITATEM ORDINATIO SACERDOTALIS ACCORDING LATEST RULING FOUND ORDINATIO SACERDOTALIS POPE JOHN PAUL CONCLUDED DECLARE THAT CHURCH AUTHORITY WHATSOEVER CONFER PRIESTLY ORDINATION WOMEN THAT THIS JUDGMENT DEFINITIVELY HELD CHURCH'S FAITHFUL DEFIANCE THESE RULINGS OPPOSITION GROUPS SUCH ROMAN CATHOLIC WOMENPRIESTS HAVE PERFORMED ALLEGED ORDINATION CEREMONIES WITH REPUTEDLY ORDAINING MALE CATHOLIC BISHOP FIRST INSTANCES WHICH ACCORDING CANON BOTH ILLICIT INVALID CONSIDERED MERE SIMULATIONS SACRAMENT ORDINATION NOTE CONGREGATION DOCTRINE FAITH RESPONDED ISSUING STATEMENT CLARIFYING THAT CATHOLIC BISHOPS INVOLVED ORDINATION CEREMONIES WOMEN WELL WOMEN THEMSELVES THEY WERE CATHOLIC WOULD AUTOMATICALLY RECEIVE PENALTY EXCOMMUNICATION LATAE SENTENTIAE LITERALLY SENTENCE PASSED AUTOMATICALLY CITING CANON CANON OTHER CHURCH LAWS ABUSE CASES MAIN ARTICLE CATHOLIC ABUSE CASES ISSUE SEXUAL ABUSE MINORS CATHOLIC CLERGY BECAME SUBJECT MEDIA COVERAGE PUBLIC DEBATE COUNTRIES AROUND WORLD CHURCH CRITICISED HANDLING ABUSE COMPLAINTS WHEN BECAME KNOWN THAT SOME BISHOPS SHIELDED ACCUSED PRIESTS TRANSFERRING THEM OTHER PASTORAL ASSIGNMENTS WHERE SOME CONTINUED COMMIT SEXUAL OFFENCES RESPONSE SCANDAL CHURCH ESTABLISHED FORMAL PROCEDURES PREVENT ABUSE ENCOURAGE REPORTING ABUSE THAT OCCURS HANDLE SUCH REPORTS PROMPTLY ALTHOUGH GROUPS REPRESENTING VICTIMS HAVE DISPUTED THEIR EFFECTIVENESS SEPTEMBER SUBMISSION LODGED WITH INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT ALLEGING THAT POPE CARDINAL ANGELO SODANO DEAN COLLEGE CARDINALS CARDINAL TARCISIO BERTONE VATICAN SECRETARY STATE CARDINAL WILLIAM LEVADA HEAD CONGREGATION DOCTRINE FAITH COMMITTED CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY FAILING PREVENT PUNISH PERPETRATORS RAPE SEXUAL VIOLENCE SYSTEMATIC WIDESPREAD CONCEALMENT WHICH INCLUDED FAILURE CO-OPERATE WITH RELEVANT ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES STATEMENT ASSOCIATED PRESS VATICAN DESCRIBED THIS LUDICROUS PUBLICITY STUNT MISUSE INTERNATIONAL JUDICIAL PROCESSES LAWYERS PROFESSORS EMPHASISED THAT CASE LIKELY FALL OUTSIDE COURT'S JURISDICTION ALSO CATHOLIC CHURCH COUNTRY MAGISTERIUM THEOLOGY DOGMA LIST POPES ROMAN CURIA SECRET VATICAN ARCHIVES CATHOLIC SCIENTISTS CATHOLIC ARTISTS CATHOLIC RELIGIOUS INSTITUTES ROLE CATHOLIC CHURCH WESTERN CIVILISATION RELATIONS BETWEEN CATHOLICISM JUDAISM CATHOLICISM SEXUALITY CATHOLIC CHURCH EVOLUTION FOLK CATHOLICISM POLITICAL CATHOLICISM ANTI-CATHOLICISM CATHOLIC GUILT PORTAL SAINTS PORTAL CATHOLICISM NOTES CATECHISM CATHOLIC CHURCH PARA ORDER THAT FULL LIVING GOSPEL MIGHT ALWAYS PRESERVED CHURCH APOSTLES LEFT BISHOPS THEIR SUCCESSORS THEY GAVE THEM THEIR POSITION TEACHING AUTHORITY INDEED APOSTOLIC PREACHING WHICH EXPRESSED SPECIAL INSPIRED BOOKS PRESERVED CONTINUOUS LINE SUCCESSION UNTIL TIME DECLARATION UNICITY SALVIFIC UNIVERSALITY JESUS CHRIST CHURCH DOMINUS IESUS THEREFORE THERE EXISTS SINGLE CHURCH CHRIST WHICH SUBSISTS CATHOLIC CHURCH GOVERNED SUCCESSOR PETER BISHOPS COMMUNION WITH CHURCHES WHICH WHILE EXISTING PERFECT COMMUNION WITH CATHOLIC CHURCH REMAIN UNITED MEANS CLOSEST BONDS THAT APOSTOLIC SUCCESSION VALID EUCHARIST TRUE PARTICULAR CHURCHES THEREFORE CHURCH CHRIST PRESENT OPERATIVE ALSO THESE CHURCHES EVEN THOUGH THEY LACK FULL COMMUNION WITH CATHOLIC CHURCH SINCE THEY ACCEPT CATHOLIC DOCTRINE PRIMACY WHICH ACCORDING WILL BISHOP ROME OBJECTIVELY EXERCISES OVER ENTIRE CHURCH “THE CHRISTIAN FAITHFUL THEREFORE PERMITTED IMAGINE THAT CHURCH CHRIST NOTHING MORE THAN COLLECTION DIVIDED SOME CHURCHES ECCLESIAL COMMUNITIES THEY FREE HOLD THAT TODAY CHURCH CHRIST NOWHERE REALLY EXISTS MUST CONSIDERED ONLY GOAL WHICH CHURCHES ECCLESIAL COMMUNITIES MUST STRIVE REACH RESPONSES SOME QUESTIONS REGARDING CERTAIN ASPECTS DOCTRINE CHURCH POSSIBLE ACCORDING CATHOLIC DOCTRINE AFFIRM CORRECTLY THAT CHURCH CHRIST PRESENT OPERATIVE CHURCHES ECCLESIAL COMMUNITIES FULLY COMMUNION WITH CATHOLIC CHURCH ACCOUNT ELEMENTS SANCTIFICATION TRUTH THAT PRESENT THEM CATECHISM CATHOLIC CHURCH PARA MISSION MAGISTERIUM LINKED DEFINITIVE NATURE COVENANT ESTABLISHED WITH PEOPLE CHRIST THIS MAGISTERIUM'S TASK PRESERVE GOD'S PEOPLE FROM DEVIATIONS DEFECTIONS GUARANTEE THEM OBJECTIVE POSSIBILITY PROFESSING TRUE FAITH WITHOUT ERROR THUS PASTORAL DUTY MAGISTERIUM AIMED SEEING THAT PEOPLE ABIDES TRUTH THAT LIBERATES FULFILL THIS SERVICE CHRIST ENDOWED CHURCH'S SHEPHERDS WITH CHARISM INFALLIBILITY MATTERS FAITH MORALS EXERCISE THIS CHARISM TAKES SEVERAL FORMS ACCORDING MUNIFICENTISSIMUS DEUS PARAGRAPH POPE PIUS PRONOUNCE DECLARE DEFINE DIVINELY REVEALED DOGMA THAT IMMACULATE MOTHER EVER VIRGIN MARY HAVING COMPLETED COURSE EARTHLY LIFE ASSUMED BODY SOUL INTO HEAVENLY GLORY ANNUARIO PONTIFICIO LIST POPES DOES ASSIGN NUMBERS POSITIONS LISTING LAST RESIGNATION OCCURRED PART COUNCIL CONSTANCE'S RESOLUTION AVIGNON PAPACY TRIDENTINE MASS CALLED BECAUSE STANDARDISED POPE PIUS AFTER COUNCIL TRENT CENTURY ORDINARY FORM ROMAN-RITE MASS UNTIL SUPERSEDED ROMAN MISSAL PAUL CONTINUED VERSION FOUND EDITION MISSAL AUTHORIZED MOTU PROPRIO SUMMORUM PONTIFICUM POPE JOHN PAUL ISSUED PASTORAL PROVISION THAT ALLOWS ESTABLISHMENT PERSONAL PARISHES WHICH MEMBERS EPISCOPAL CHURCH BRANCH ANGLICAN COMMUNION JOIN CATHOLIC CHURCH RETAIN MANY ASPECTS ANGLICAN LITURGICAL RITES VARIATION ROMAN RITE SUCH ANGLICAN PARISHES NUMBERING FEWER THAN EXIST ONLY UNITED STATES -BOOK CATHOLIC BIBLE CONTAINS DEUTEROCANONICALS BOOKS MODERN HEBREW BIBLE UPHELD CANONICAL PROTESTANTS PROCESS DETERMINING WHICH BOOKS WERE CONSIDERED PART CANON TOOK MANY CENTURIES FINALLY RESOLVED CATHOLIC CHURCH UNTIL COUNCIL TRENT ACCORDING ROMAN CATHOLIC WOMANPRIESTS PRINCIPAL CONSECRATING ROMAN CATHOLIC MALE BISHOP ORDAINED FIRST WOMEN BISHOPS BISHOP WITH APOSTOLIC SUCCESSION WITHIN ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH FULL COMMUNION WITH POPE REFERENCES NOTE STANDS CATECHISM CATHOLIC CHURCH NUMBER FOLLOWING PARAGRAPH NUMBER WHICH THERE NUMBERS CITED COMPENDIUM QUESTION NUMBERS WHICH THERE NUMBER CATHOLICS RISE ZENIT NEWS AGENCY APRIL RETRIEVED GREATER DETAILS NUMBERS CATHOLICS PRIESTS THEIR DISTRIBUTION CONTINENT CHANGES BETWEEN ANNUARIO STATISTICO DELLA CHIESA DELL'ANNO HOLY PRESS OFFICE APRIL RETRIEVED ITALIAN O'COLLINS PREFACE VATICAN CONGREGATION REAFFIRMS TRUTH ONENESS CATHOLIC CHURCH CATHOLIC NEWS SERVICE RETRIEVED MARCH RESPONSES SOME QUESTIONS REGARDING CERTAIN ASPECTS DOCTRINE CHURCH CONGREGATION DOCTRINE FAITH JUNE RETRIEVED APRIL APOSTOLIC TRADITION CATECHISM CATHOLIC CHURCH VATICAN RETRIEVED JULY CONGREGATION DOCTRINE FAITH AUGUST DOMINUS IESUS RETRIEVED MARCH TEACHING OFFICE CATECHISM CATHOLIC CHURCH VATICAN RETRIEVED APRIL ORDER PRESERVE CHURCH PURITY FAITH HANDED APOSTLES CHRIST TRUTH WILLED CONFER SHARE INFALLIBILITY TEACHING OFFICE CATECHISM CATHOLIC CHURCH VATICAN RETRIEVED JULY SECOND VATICAN COUNCIL CHAPTER PARAGRAPH LUMEN GENTIUM VATICAN RETRIEVED JULY LIGHT HOLY SPIRIT VIGILANTLY WARDING ERRORS THAT THREATEN THEIR FLOCK COLIN GUNTON CHRISTIANITY AMONG RELIGIONS ENCYCLOPEDIA RELIGION RELIGIOUS STUDIES NUMBER PAGE REVIEW ARTICLE FROM ENCYCLOPEDIA RELIGION GUNTON WRITES ARTICLE CATHOLICISM ENCYCLOPEDIA RIGHTLY SUGGESTS CAUTION SUGGESTING OUTSET THAT ROMAN CATHOLICISM MARKED SEVERAL DIFFERENT DOCTRINAL THEOLOGICAL EMPHASES COMPENDIUM VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE COMPENDIUM VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE COMPENDIUM VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE POPE BENEDICT JANUARY FEAST SOLEMNITY BLESSED VIRGIN MARY VATICAN RETRIEVED APOSTOLIC CONSTITUTION POPE PIUS MUNIFICENTISSIMUS DEUS DEFINING DOGMA ASSUMPTION NOVEMBER ACCESSED JUNE MACCULLOCH CHRISTIANITY DEFINITION DICTIONARY DICTIONARY REFERENCE RETRIEVED JUNE CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA CATHOLIC NEWADVENT RETRIEVED CYRIL JERUSALEM LECTURE XVIII TERTULLIAN RETRIEVED MCBRIEN RICHARD CHURCH HARPER COLLINS XVII ONLINE VERSION AVAILABLE BROWSEINSIDE HARPERCOLLINS QUOTE ADJECTIVE 'CATHOLIC' MODIFIER 'CHURCH' BECAME DIVISIVE ONLY AFTER EAST-WEST SCHISM PROTESTANT REFORMATION FORMER CASE WESTERN CHURCH CLAIMED ITSELF TITLE CATHOLIC CHURCH WHILE EAST APPROPRIATED NAME ORTHODOX CHURCH LATTER CASE THOSE COMMUNION WITH BISHOP ROME RETAINED ADJECTIVE CATHOLIC WHILE CHURCHES THAT BROKE WITH PAPACY WERE CALLED PROTESTANT LIBRERIA EDITRICE VATICANA CATECHISM CATHOLIC CHURCH RETRIEVED VATICAN DOCUMENTS VATICAN COUNCIL RETRIEVED NOTE POPE'S SIGNATURE APPEARS LATIN VERSION EXAMPLES ENCYCLICALS DIVINI ILLIUS MAGISTRI POPE PIUS HUMANI GENERIS POPE PIUS JOINT DECLARATIONS SIGNED POPE BENEDICT WITH ARCHBISHOP CANTERBURY ROWAN WILLIAMS NOVEMBER PATRIARCH BARTHOLOMEW CONSTANTINOPLE NOVEMBER EXAMPLE BALTIMORE CATECHISM OFFICIAL CATECHISM AUTHORISED CATHOLIC BISHOPS UNITED STATES STATES THAT CALLED ROMAN CATHOLICS SHOW THAT UNITED REAL SUCCESSOR PETER QUESTION REFERS CHURCH ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH UNDER QUESTIONS BALTIMORE CATECHISM CATECHISM PIUS NINTH ARTICLE CREED QUESTION RETRIEVED OCTOBER JAROSLAV PELIKAN CHRISTIAN TRADITION HISTORY DEVELOPMENT DOCTRINE VOLUME REFORMATION CHURCH DOGMA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO PRESS ISBN ROBERT FEDUCCIA EDITOR PRIMARY SOURCE READINGS CATHOLIC CHURCH HISTORY SAINT MARY'S PRESS ISBN ACCESSED GOOGLE BOOKS VATICAN CITY STATE STATE GOVERNMENT VATICANSTATE RETRIEVED AUGUST BRITISH FOREIGN COMMONWEALTH OFFICE COUNTRY PROFILE VATICAN CITY STATE HOLY TRAVEL LIVING ABROAD FEBRUARY RETRIEVED JUNE DUFFY DUFFY DUFFY MCDONOUGH ORIENTALIUM ECCLESIARUM VATICAN COUNCIL RETRIEVED APRIL CCEO CANON ENGLISH TRANSLATION GENERAL ESSAY WESTERN CHRISTIANITY OVERVIEW WORLD RELIGIONS DIVISION RELIGION PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY CUMBRIA ELMAR PROJECT ACCESSED APRIL RONALD ROBERSON EASTERN CATHOLIC CHURCHES STATISTICS CNEWA RETRIEVED APRIL CCEO CANONS ENGLISH TRANSLATION CCEO CANONS CCEO CANONS CCEO CANONS VATICAN ANNUARIO PONTIFICIO ANNUARIO PONTIFICO L'ANNO CITTà VATICANO LIBRERIA EDITRICE VATICANA BARRY CANON CATHOLIC CHURCH CANON RETRIEVED MARCH VATICAN PRIEST NUMBERS SHOW STEADY MODERATE INCREASE CATHOLIC NEWS SERVICE MARCH RETRIEVED MARCH FROEHLE BAZAR EMILY APRIL IMMIGRANTS MAKE PILGRIMAGE POPE TODAY RETRIEVED CODE CANON CANON RETRIEVED MARCH CCEO CANON UNOFFICIAL ENGLISH TRANSLATION OFFICIAL TEXT RITUS PATRIMONIUM LITURGICUM THEOLOGICUM SPIRITUALE DISCIPLINARE CULTURA RERUM ADIUNCTIS HISTORIAE POPULORUM DISTINCTUM QUOD MODO FIDEI VIVENDAE UNIUSCUIUSQUE ECCLESIAE IURIS PROPRIO EXPRIMITUR RITE LITURGICAL THEOLOGICAL SPIRITUAL DISCIPLINARY HERITAGE DIFFERENTIATED PEOPLES' CULTURE HISTORICAL CIRCUMSTANCES THAT FINDS EXPRESSION EACH IURIS CHURCH'S LIVING FAITH LUKE MATTHEW MARK CORINTHIANS CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA CANON MASS WIKISOURCE FREE LIBRARY WIKIMEDIA FOUNDATION HTTP WIKISOURCE INDEX TITLE CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA CANON MASS OLDID NOTE LATIN ENIM CORPUS MEUM TRANSLATES ENGLISH THIS BODY KREEFT KREEFT VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE GENERAL INSTRUCTION ROMAN MISSAL COPYRIGHT UNITED STATES CONFERENCE CATHOLIC BISHOPS WASHINGTON RIGHTS RESERVED STUARD-WILL KELLY KARITAS PUBLISHING FARAWAY ANCIENT COUNTRY UNITED STATES GARDNERS BOOKS ISBN APOSTOLIC CONSTITUTION POPE BENEDICT ANGLICANORUM COETIBUS PROVIDING PERSONAL ORDINARIATES ANGLICANS ENTERING INTO FULL COMMUNION WITH CATHOLIC CHURCH NOVEMBER RETRIEVED JULY MARTHALER PREFACE JOHN PAUL POPE LAETAMUR MAGNOPERE VATICAN RETRIEVED MARCH PAUL POPE LUMEN GENTIUM CHAPTER VATICAN RETRIEVED MARCH VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE SCHRECK SCHRECK SCHRECK SCHRECK CANON CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA CORPORAL SPIRITUAL WORKS MERCY NEWADVENT RETRIEVED CATHOLIC HOSPITALS COMPRISE QUARTER WORLD'S HEALTHCARE COUNCIL REPORTS CATHOLIC NEWS AGENCY CATHOLIC NEWS AGENCY RETRIEVED MCGRATH SCHRECK BARRY KREEFT KREEFT QUOTE FUNDAMENTAL REASON BEING CATHOLIC HISTORICAL FACT THAT CATHOLIC CHURCH FOUNDED CHRIST GOD'S INVENTION MAN'S FATHER GAVE AUTHORITY CHRIST CHRIST PASSED APOSTLES THEY PASSED SUCCESSORS THEY APPOINTED BISHOPS SCHRECK BARRY ACCESSED AUGUST PIUS ENCYCLICAL MYSTICI CORPORIS CHRISTI VATICAN CITY ACCESSED AUGUST KREEFT VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE CODE CANON CANON INTRATEXT RETRIEVED JUNE CODE CANONS EASTERN CHURCHES CANON VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE CODE CANON CANON VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE COMPENDIUM VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE COUNCIL FLORENCE BULL UNION WITH ARMENIANS EWTN RETRIEVED JUNE VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE COMPENDIUM VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE COMPENDIUM VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE COMPENDIUM VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE COMPENDIUM VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE COMPENDIUM VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE COMPENDIUM VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE COMPENDIUM VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE CANONS CODE CANON MODIFIED MOTU PROPRIO OMNIUM MENTEM CANON CATHOLIC CHURCH CANON RETRIEVED MARCH CANON CATHOLIC CHURCH CANON RETRIEVED MARCH NIEBUHR GUSTAV FEBRUARY BISHOP'S QUIET ACTION ALLOWS PRIEST BOTH FLOCK FAMILY YORK TIMES RETRIEVED APRIL COMMITTEE DIACONATE FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT DEACONS UNITED STATES CONFERENCE CATHOLIC BISHOPS RETRIEVED MARCH CANON CATHOLIC CHURCH CANON RETRIEVED MARCH CANON CATHOLIC CHURCH CANON RETRIEVED MARCH BARRY VATICAN RETRIEVED APRIL VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE VATICAN RETRIEVED JUNE MATTHEW SCHRECK SAINTS' PRAYERS SOULS PURGATORY EWTN RETRIEVED OCTOBER LUKE LIBRARY HOPE SALVATION INFANTS WITHOUT BEING BAPTIZED CATHOLIC CULTURE JANUARY RETRIEVED OCTOBER SCHRECK BARRY BARRY SCHRECK ECKHOLM ERIK DECEMBER WISCONSIN PRAY WITH MARY YORK TIMES RETRIEVED JULY BAEDEKER DECEMBER WORLD'S MOST-VISITED RELIGIOUS DESTINATIONS TODAY RETRIEVED MARCH KREEFT BOKENKOTTER CATHOLIC CHURCH RECOGNIZES LEGITIMATE EPISCOPAL CONSECRATIONS NUMBER OTHER CHURCHES HOWEVER STILL INSISTS THAT THOSE CHURCHES OBLIGATED DEFER PRIMACY ROMAN PONTIFF HITCHCOCK GEOGRAPHY RELIGION QUOTE SOME CHRISTIAN COMMUNITIES BEEN FOUNDED PETER DISCIPLE JESUS DESIGNATED FOUNDER CHURCH ONCE POSITION INSTITUTIONALIZED HISTORIANS LOOKED BACK RECOGNIZED PETER FIRST POPE CHRISTIAN CHURCH ROME NORMAN ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH ILLUSTRATED HISTORY QUOTE CHURCH FOUNDED JESUS HIMSELF EARTHLY LIFETIME APOSTOLATE ESTABLISHED ROME WORLD'S CAPITAL WHEN CHURCH INAUGURATED THERE THAT UNIVERSALITY CHRISTIAN TEACHING MOST OBVIOUSLY TOOK CENTRAL DIRECTIVE–IT BISHOPS ROME VERY EARLY BEGAN RECEIVE REQUESTS ADJUDICATION DISPUTED POINTS FROM OTHER BISHOPS TEMPORINI HILDEGARD WOLFGANG HAASE AUFSTIEG NIEDERGANG RöMISCHEN WELT PRINCIPAT GESCHICHTE KULTUR ROMS SPIEGEL NEUEREN FORSCHUNG WALTER GRUYTER ISBN HTTP BOOKS GOOGLE KNPV CHURCH FOUNDED JESUS RETRIEVED JUNE BOKENKOTTER MACCULLOCH CHRISTIANITY WOODS DUFFY HALL MURRAY GOFF WOODS BOKENKOTTER NORMAN JOHN PAUL GENERAL AUDIENCE MARCH VATICAN MARCH RETRIEVED JUNE LEITH CREEDS CHURCHES DUFFY SAINTS SINNERS FAHLBUSCH ENCYCLOPEDIA CHRISTIANITY CONSTITUTION SACRED LITURGY SACROSANCTUM CONCILIUM VATICAN DECEMBER RETRIEVED JANUARY DUFFY DUFFY SAINTS SINNERS POPE PAUL NOSTRA AETATE DECLARATION RELATION CHURCH NON-CHRISTIAN RELIGIONS OCTOBER RETRIEVED ACCORDING SECTION TRUE JEWISH AUTHORITIES THOSE FOLLOWED THEIR LEAD PRESSED DEATH CHRIST STILL WHAT HAPPENED PASSION CANNOT CHARGED AGAINST JEWS WITHOUT DISTINCTION THEN ALIVE AGAINST JEWS TODAY ALTHOUGH CHURCH PEOPLE JEWS SHOULD PRESENTED REJECTED ACCURSED THIS FOLLOWED FROM HOLY SCRIPTURES BAUCKHAM O’NEEL BRIAN HOLIER THAN THOU REJECTION VATICAN LEFEBVRE INTO SCHISM THIS ROCK VOLUME NUMBER DIEGO CATHOLIC ANSWERS APRIL MADRID OFFICIAL SITE WHAT MADRID RETRIEVED MAXWELL-STUART CHRONICLE POPES TRYING COME FULL CIRCLE LONDON THAMES HUDSON ISBN APRIL THIS HISTORY HISTORY RETRIEVED OCTOBER PETER MARGARET HEBBLETHWAITE PETER STANFORD APRIL OBITUARY POPE JOHN PAUL WORLD NEWS GUARDIAN LONDON GUARDIAN RETRIEVED OCTOBER PRESS RELEASE NOBEL PEACE PRIZE NOBELPRIZE OCTOBER RETRIEVED OCTOBER PRESS RELEASE NOBEL PEACE PRIZE NOBELPRIZE OCTOBER RETRIEVED OCTOBER PAUL POPE HUMANAE VITAE VATICAN RETRIEVED FEBRUARY BOKENKOTTER HTTP VATICAN ROMAN CURIA CONGREGATIONS CFAITH DOCUMENTS CFAITH HOMOSEXUAL-UNIONS HTML VATICAN RETRIEVED VATICAN RETRIEVED GEOFFREY BLAINEY SHORT HISTORY CHRISTIANITY PENGUIN VIKING APOSTOLIC LETTER ORDINATIO SACERDOTALIS JOHN PAUL BISHOPS CATHOLIC CHURCH RESERVING PRIESTLY ORDINATION ALONE COPYRIGHT LIBRERIA EDITRICE VATICANA RETRIEVED JUNE CODE CANON CANON VATICAN RETRIEVED ORDINATIONS RESPONSE REGARDING EXCOMMUNICATION DECREE ROMAN CATHOLIC WOMENPRIESTS-USA RETRIEVED JUNE VATICAN DECREES EXCOMMUNICATION PARTICIPATION 'ORDINATION' WOMEN CATHOLIC NEWS AGENCY RETRIEVED JUNE DAVID WILLEY JULY VATICAN 'SPEEDS ABUSE CASES RETRIEVED OCTOBER KAREN MCVEIGH 'POPE ACCUSED CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY VICTIMS CASE' GUARDIAN TUES HTTP GUARDIAN WORLD POPE-CRIMES-HUMANITY-VICTIMS-ABUSE ACCESSED SEPTEMBER LIKELY WON'T CHARGE POPE OVER CATHOLIC CHURCH ABUSES CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR SEPTEMBER RETRIEVED FEBRUARY BIBLIOGRAPHY ASCI DONALD CONJUGAL PERSONAL STUDY CATHOLIC CONCEPT CONJUGAL LIGHT CHRISTIAN ANTHROPOLOGY FRANCISCO IGNATIUS PRESS ISBN CANON CODE CANON VATICAN RETRIEVED MARCH CATECHISM CATHOLIC CHURCH LIBRERIA EDITRICE VATICANA RETRIEVED BARRY MSGR JOHN FAITH LORD STUDY BASIC CATHOLIC BELIEF GERARD BAUMBACH ISBN BAUER SUSAN WISE HISTORY MEDIEVAL WORLD FROM CONVERSION CONSTANTINE FIRST CRUSADE NORTON ISBN BETHELL LESLIE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY LATIN AMERICA CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS ISBN BOKENKOTTER THOMAS CONCISE HISTORY CATHOLIC CHURCH DOUBLEDAY ISBN BUNSON MATTHEW SUNDAY VISITOR'S CATHOLIC ALMANAC SUNDAY VISITOR PUBLISHING ISBN BRUNI FRANK BURKETT ELINOR GOSPEL SHAME CHILDREN SEXUAL ABUSE CATHOLIC CHURCH HARPER PERENNIAL ISBN CHADWICK OWEN HISTORY CHRISTIANITY BARNES NOBLE ISBN CLARKE GRAEME THIRD-CENTURY CHRISTIANITY BOWMAN ALAN PETER GARNSEY AVERIL CAMERON CAMBRIDGE ANCIENT HISTORY VOLUME CRISIS EMPIRE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS ISBN COLLINS MICHAEL PRICE MATHEW STORY CHRISTIANITY DORLING KINDERSLEY ISBN CORIDEN JAMES GREEN THOMAS HEINTSCHEL DONALD CODE CANON TEXT COMMENTARY STUDY EDITION PAULIST PRESS ISBN DAVIDSON IVOR BIRTH CHURCH MONARCH ISBN DUFFY EAMON SAINTS SINNERS HISTORY POPES YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS ISBN DUSSEL ENRIQUE HISTORY CHURCH LATIN AMERICA EERDMANS ISBN FAHLBUSCH ERWIN ENCYCLOPEDIA CHRISTIANITY EERDMANS ISBN FROEHLE BRYAN MARY GAUTIER GLOBAL CATHOLICISM PORTRAIT WORLD CHURCH ORBIS BOOKS CENTER APPLIED RESEARCH APOSTOLATE GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY ISBN GALE GROUP CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA WITH ANNUAL SUPPLEMENTS HIGHLY DETAILED COVERAGE HASTINGS ADRIAN CHURCH AFRICA OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS ISBN HERRING GEORGE INTRODUCTION HISTORY CHRISTIANITY CONTINUUM INTERNATIONAL ISBN JOHN PAUL GAVE THEM LIFE THEIR INHERITANCE WOMAN CREATED THEM THEOLOGY BODY TRANSL WALDSTEIN BOSTON PAULINE BOOKS MEDIA ISBN KOSCHORKE KLAUS LUDWIG FRIEDER DELGADO MARIANO HISTORY CHRISTIANITY ASIA AFRICA LATIN AMERICA EERDMANS PUBLISHING ISBN KREEFT PETER CATHOLIC CHRISTIANITY IGNATIUS PRESS ISBN LATOURETTE KENNETH SCOTT CHRISTIANITY REVOLUTIONARY HISTORY CHRISTIANITY CENTURIES DETAILED COVERAGE CATHOLICISM EVERY MAJOR COUNTRY LEITH JOHN CREEDS CHURCHES ALDINE PUBLISHING ISBN MACCULLOCH DIARMAID CHRISTIANITY FIRST THREE THOUSAND YEARS VIKING ISBN ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED ALLEN LANE HISTORY CHRISTIANITY MACCULLOCH DIARMAID REFORMATION VIKING ISBN MACMULLEN RAMSAY CHRISTIANIZING ROMAN EMPIRE HAVEN YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS ISBN MARTHALER BERARD INTRODUCING CATECHISM CATHOLIC CHURCH TRADITIONAL THEMES CONTEMPORARY ISSUES PAULIST PRESS ISBN MCBRIEN RICHARD HAROLD ATTRIDGE HARPERCOLLINS ENCYCLOPEDIA CATHOLICISM HARPERCOLLINS ISBN MCMANNERS JOHN OXFORD ILLUSTRATED HISTORY CHRISTIANITY OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS ISBN NORMAN EDWARD ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH ILLUSTRATED HISTORY UNIVERSITY CALIFORNIA PRESS ISBN O'COLLINS GERALD FARRUGIA MARIA 'CATHOLICISM STORY CATHOLIC CHRISTIANITY' OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS ISBN PERREAU-SAUSSINE EMILE CATHOLICISM DEMOCRACY ESSAY HISTORY POLITICAL THOUGHT PHAYER MICHAEL CATHOLIC CHURCH HOLOCAUST INDIANA UNIVERSITY PRESS ISBN POLLARD JOHN FRANCIS MONEY RISE MODERN PAPACY CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS ISBN RHODES ANTHONY VATICAN DICTATORS HOLT RINEHART WINSTON ISBN RILEY-SMITH JONATHAN FIRST CRUSADERS CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS ISBN SCHWALLER JOHN FREDERICK HISTORY CATHOLIC CHURCH LATIN AMERICA FROM CONQUEST REVOLUTION BEYOND PRESS SMITH JANET HUMANAE VITAE RIGHT FRANCISCO IGNATIUS PRESS SMITH JANET HUMANAE VITAE GENERATION LATER WASHINGTON CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY AMERICA PRESS STEWART CYNTHIA CATHOLIC CHURCH BRIEF POPULAR HISTORY PAGES VATICAN CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE ANNUARIO PONTIFICIO PONTIFICAL YEARBOOK LIBRERIA EDITRICE VATICANA ISBN VIDMAR JOHN CATHOLIC CHURCH THROUGH AGES PAULIST PRESS ISBN WILKEN ROBERT CHRISTIANITY HITCHCOCK SUSAN TYLER ESPOSITO JOHN GEOGRAPHY RELIGION NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY ISBN WOODS THOMAS CATHOLIC CHURCH BUILT WESTERN CIVILIZATION REGNERY PUBLISHING ISBN EXTERNAL LINKS FIND MORE ABOUT CATHOLIC CHURCH WIKIPEDIA'S SISTER PROJECTS DEFINITIONS TRANSLATIONS FROM WIKTIONARY IMAGES MEDIA FROM COMMONS LEARNING RESOURCES FROM WIKIVERSITY NEWS STORIES FROM WIKINEWS QUOTATIONS FROM WIKIQUOTE SOURCE TEXTS FROM WIKISOURCE TEXTBOOKS FROM WIKIBOOKS VATICAN OFFICIAL WEBSITE HOLY NEWS OFFICIAL NEWS WEBSITE VATICAN YOUTUBE OFFICIAL YOUTUBE CHANNEL SHOW LINKS RELATED ARTICLES VIEW PAGE RATINGS RATE THIS PAGE WHAT'S THIS TRUSTWORTHY OBJECTIVE COMPLETE WELL-WRITTEN HIGHLY KNOWLEDGEABLE ABOUT THIS TOPIC OPTIONAL CATEGORIES ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH APOSTOLIC SEES CHALCEDONIANISM ORGANIZATIONS THAT OPPOSE SAME-SEX MARRIAGE

Thanks to Jane D'oh! for these words.

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