Seed Words for Voynich
VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT MYSTERIOUS UNDECIPHERED ILLUSTRATED BOOK THOUGHT HAVE BEEN WRITTEN CENTURY AUTHOR SCRIPT LANGUAGE MANUSCRIPT REMAIN UNKNOWN OVER RECORDED EXISTENCE VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT BEEN OBJECT INTENSE STUDY MANY PROFESSIONAL AMATEUR CRYPTOGRAPHERS INCLUDING SOME AMERICAN BRITISH CODEBREAKERS WORLD FAME WHOM FAILED DECRYPT PORTION TEXT THIS STRING FAILURES TURNED VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT INTO FAMOUS SUBJECT HISTORICAL CRYPTOLOGY ALSO GIVEN WEIGHT THEORY THAT BOOK SIMPLY ELABORATE HOAX—A MEANINGLESS SEQUENCE ARBITRARY SYMBOLS BOOK NAMED AFTER POLISH-AMERICAN BOOK DEALER WILFRID VOYNICH ACQUIRED CURRENTLY VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT STORED BEINECKE RARE BOOK MANUSCRIPT LIBRARY YALE UNIVERSITY ITEM FIRST FACSIMILE EDITION PUBLISHED CONTENT CURRENT ESTIMATES BOOK ORIGINALLY PAGES QUIRES PAGES EACH ABOUT VELLUM PAGES REMAIN TODAY GAPS PAGE NUMBERING WHICH SEEMS LATER THAN TEXT INDICATE THAT SEVERAL PAGES WERE ALREADY MISSING WHEN VOYNICH ACQUIRED QUILL USED TEXT FIGURE OUTLINES COLORED PAINT APPLIED SOMEWHAT CRUDELY FIGURES POSSIBLY LATER DATE THERE STRONG EVIDENCE THAT POINT TIME PAGES BOOK WERE ARRANGED DIFFERENT ORDER TEXT CLEARLY WRITTEN FROM LEFT RIGHT WITH SLIGHTLY RAGGED RIGHT MARGIN LONGER SECTIONS BROKEN INTO PARAGRAPHS SOMETIMES WITH BULLETS LEFT MARGIN THERE OBVIOUS PUNCTUATION DUCTUS FLOWS SMOOTHLY SUGGESTING THAT SCRIBE UNDERSTOOD WHAT WRITING WHEN WRITTEN MANUSCRIPT DOES GIVE IMPRESSION THAT EACH CHARACTER CALCULATED BEFORE BEING INKED ONTO PAGE TEXT CONSISTS OVER DISCRETE GLYPHS USUALLY SEPARATED FROM EACH OTHER NARROW GAPS MOST GLYPHS WRITTEN WITH SIMPLE STROKES WHILE THERE SOME DISPUTE WHETHER CERTAIN GLYPHS DISTINCT ALPHABET WITH GLYPHS WOULD ACCOUNT VIRTUALLY TEXT EXCEPTIONS DOZEN RARER CHARACTERS THAT OCCUR ONLY ONCE TWICE EACH WIDER GAPS DIVIDE TEXT INTO ABOUT WORDS VARYING LENGTH THESE SEEM FOLLOW PHONETIC ORTHOGRAPHIC LAWS SOME SORT CERTAIN CHARACTERS MUST APPEAR EACH WORD LIKE VOWELS ENGLISH SOME CHARACTERS NEVER FOLLOW OTHERS SOME DOUBLED OTHERS STATISTICAL ANALYSIS TEXT REVEALS PATTERNS SIMILAR THOSE NATURAL LANGUAGES INSTANCE WORD ENTROPY ABOUT BITS WORD SIMILAR THAT ENGLISH LATIN TEXTS SOME WORDS OCCUR ONLY CERTAIN SECTIONS ONLY PAGES OTHERS OCCUR THROUGHOUT MANUSCRIPT THERE VERY REPETITIONS AMONG THOUSAND LABELS ATTACHED ILLUSTRATIONS HERBAL SECTION FIRST WORD EACH PAGE OCCURS ONLY THAT PAGE NAME PLANT OTHER HAND VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT'S LANGUAGE QUITE UNLIKE EUROPEAN LANGUAGES SEVERAL ASPECTS FIRSTLY THERE PRACTICALLY WORDS COMPRISING MORE THAN GLYPHS THERE ALSO ONE- TWO-LETTER WORDS DISTRIBUTION LETTERS WITHIN WORD ALSO RATHER PECULIAR SOME CHARACTERS ONLY OCCUR BEGINNING WORD SOME ONLY SOME ALWAYS MIDDLE SECTION—AN ARRANGEMENT FOUND SEMITIC ALPHABETS LATIN CYRILLIC ALPHABETS WITH EXCEPTION GREEK LETTERS BETA SIGMA TEXT SEEMS MORE REPETITIVE THAN TYPICAL EUROPEAN LANGUAGES THERE INSTANCES WHERE SAME COMMON WORD APPEARS THREE TIMES WORDS THAT DIFFER ONLY LETTER ALSO REPEAT WITH UNUSUAL FREQUENCY THERE ONLY WORDS MANUSCRIPT WRITTEN SEEMINGLY LATIN SCRIPT LAST PAGE THERE FOUR LINES WRITING THAT WRITTEN RATHER DISTORTED LATIN LETTERS EXCEPT WORDS MAIN SCRIPT LETTERING RESEMBLES EUROPEAN ALPHABETS CENTURY WORDS SEEM MAKE SENSE LANGUAGE ALSO SERIES DIAGRAMS ASTRONOMICAL SECTION NAMES MONTHS FROM MARCH DECEMBER WRITTEN LATIN SCRIPT WITH SPELLING SUGGESTIVE MEDIEVAL LANGUAGES FRANCE IBERIAN PENINSULA HOWEVER KNOWN WHETHER THESE BITS LATIN SCRIPT WERE PART ORIGINAL TEXT WERE ADDED LATER ILLUSTRATIONS MANUSCRIPT SHED LITTLE LIGHT CONTENTS IMPLY THAT BOOK CONSISTS SECTIONS WITH DIFFERENT STYLES SUBJECT MATTER EXCEPT LAST SECTION WHICH CONTAINS ONLY TEXT ALMOST EVERY PAGE CONTAINS LEAST ILLUSTRATION FOLLOWING SECTIONS THEIR CONVENTIONAL NAMES HERBAL EACH PAGE DISPLAYS PLANT SOMETIMES PARAGRAPHS TEXT—A FORMAT TYPICAL EUROPEAN HERBALS TIME SOME PARTS THESE DRAWINGS LARGER CLEANER COPIES SKETCHES SEEN PHARMACEUTICAL SECTION BELOW NONE PLANTS DEPICTED UNAMBIGUOUSLY IDENTIFIABLE CITATION NEEDED ASTRONOMICAL CONTAINS CIRCULAR DIAGRAMS SOME THEM WITH SUNS MOONS STARS SUGGESTIVE ASTRONOMY ASTROLOGY SERIES DIAGRAMS DEPICTS CONVENTIONAL SYMBOLS ZODIACAL CONSTELLATIONS FISH PISCES BULL TAURUS HUNTER WITH CROSSBOW SAGITTARIUS MOST FEMALES LEAST PARTLY NAKED EACH HOLDS WHAT APPEARS LABELED STAR SHOWN WITH STAR ATTACHED WHAT COULD TETHER CORD SOME KIND EITHER LAST PAGES THIS SECTION AQUARIUS CAPRICORNUS ROUGHLY JANUARY FEBRUARY WERE LOST WHILE ARIES TAURUS SPLIT INTO FOUR PAIRED DIAGRAMS WITH STARS EACH SOME THESE DIAGRAMS FOLD-OUT PAGES DETAIL FROM BIOLOGICAL SECTION MANUSCRIPT BIOLOGICAL DENSE CONTINUOUS TEXT INTERSPERSED WITH FIGURES MOSTLY SHOWING SMALL NAKED WOMEN BATHING POOLS TUBS CONNECTED ELABORATE NETWORK PIPES SOME THEM CLEARLY SHAPED LIKE BODY ORGANS SOME WOMEN WEAR CROWNS COSMOLOGICAL MORE CIRCULAR DIAGRAMS OBSCURE NATURE THIS SECTION ALSO FOLDOUTS THEM SPANS PAGES CONTAINS DIAGRAM WITH NINE ISLANDS CONNECTED CAUSEWAYS CASTLES WHAT VOLCANO PHARMACEUTICAL MANY LABELED DRAWINGS ISOLATED PLANT PARTS ROOTS LEAVES OBJECTS RESEMBLING APOTHECARY JARS DRAWN ALONG MARGINS TEXT PARAGRAPHS RECIPES MANY SHORT PARAGRAPHS EACH MARKED WITH FLOWER- STAR-LIKE BULLET HISTORY MANUSCRIPT STILL FULL GAPS ESPECIALLY EARLIEST PART SINCE MANUSCRIPT'S ALPHABET DOES RESEMBLE KNOWN SCRIPT TEXT STILL UNDECIPHERED ONLY USEFUL EVIDENCE BOOK'S ORIGIN ILLUSTRATIONS—ESPECIALLY DRESS HAIRSTYLES HUMAN FIGURES COUPLE CASTLES THAT SEEN DIAGRAMS THEY CHARACTERISTICALLY EUROPEAN BASED THAT EVIDENCE MOST EXPERTS ASSIGN BOOK DATES BETWEEN THIS ESTIMATE SUPPORTED OTHER SECONDARY CLUES EARLIEST CONFIRMED OWNER VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT GEORG BARESCH OBSCURE ALCHEMIST LIVED PRAGUE EARLY CENTURY BARESCH APPARENTLY JUST PUZZLED TODAY ABOUT THIS SPHYNX THAT BEEN TAKING SPACE USELESSLY LIBRARY MANY YEARS LEARNING THAT ATHANASIUS KIRCHER JESUIT SCHOLAR FROM COLLEGIO ROMANO PUBLISHED COPTIC ETHIOPIAN DICTIONARY DECIPHERED EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPHS BARESCH SENT SAMPLE COPY SCRIPT KIRCHER ROME TWICE ASKING CLUES LETTER KIRCHER WHICH RECENTLY LOCATED RENE ZANDBERGEN EARLIEST MENTION MANUSCRIPT THAT BEEN FOUND KNOWN WHETHER KIRCHER ANSWERED REQUEST APPARENTLY INTERESTED ENOUGH ACQUIRE BOOK WHICH BARESCH APPARENTLY REFUSED YIELD UPON BARESCH'S DEATH MANUSCRIPT PASSED FRIEND MAREK MARCI JOHANNES MARCUS MARCI THEN RECTOR CHARLES UNIVERSITY PRAGUE PROMPTLY SENT BOOK KIRCHER LONGTIME FRIEND CORRESPONDENT MARCI'S COVER LETTER STILL ATTACHED MANUSCRIPT THERE RECORDS BOOK NEXT YEARS LIKELIHOOD KEPT WITH REST KIRCHER'S CORRESPONDENCE LIBRARY COLLEGIO ROMANO PONTIFICAL GREGORIAN UNIVERSITY PROBABLY REMAINED THERE UNTIL TROOPS VICTOR EMMANUEL ITALY CAPTURED CITY ANNEXED PAPAL STATES ITALIAN GOVERNMENT DECIDED CONFISCATE MANY PROPERTIES CHURCH INCLUDING LIBRARY COLLEGIO ACCORDING INVESTIGATIONS XAVIER CECCALDI OTHERS JUST BEFORE THIS HAPPENED MANY BOOKS UNIVERSITY'S LIBRARY WERE HASTILY TRANSFERRED PERSONAL LIBRARIES FACULTY WHICH WERE EXEMPT FROM CONFISCATION KIRCHER'S CORRESPONDENCE AMONG THOSE BOOKS—AND APPARENTLY VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT STILL BEARS LIBRIS PETRUS BECKX HEAD JESUIT ORDER UNIVERSITY'S RECTOR TIME BECKX'S PRIVATE LIBRARY MOVED VILLA MONDRAGONE FRASCATI LARGE COUNTRY PALACE NEAR ROME THAT BEEN BOUGHT SOCIETY JESUS HOUSED HEADQUARTERS JESUITS' GHISLIERI COLLEGE AROUND COLLEGIO ROMANO APPARENTLY SHORT MONEY DECIDED SELL VERY DISCREETLY SOME HOLDINGS WILFRID VOYNICH ACQUIRED MANUSCRIPTS AMONG THEM MANUSCRIPT THAT BEARS NAME AFTER DEATH MANUSCRIPT INHERITED WIDOW ETHEL LILIAN VOYNICH KNOWN AUTHOR NOVEL GADFLY DAUGHTER FAMOUS MATHEMATICIAN GEORGE BOOLE DIED LEFT MANUSCRIPT CLOSE FRIEND MISS ANNE NILL ANNE NILL SOLD BOOK ANOTHER ANTIQUE BOOK DEALER HANS KRAUS UNABLE FIND BUYER KRAUS DONATED MANUSCRIPT YALE UNIVERSITY EDIT AUTHORSHIP MANY NAMES HAVE BEEN PROPOSED POSSIBLE AUTHORS VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT ROGER BACON MARCI'S COVER LETTER KIRCHER SAYS THAT ACCORDING LATE FRIEND RAPHAEL MNISHOVSKY BOOK ONCE BEEN BOUGHT RUDOLF HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR KING BOHEMIA DUCATS—AROUND ACCORDING LETTER RUDOLF BELIEVED AUTHOR FRANCISCAN FRIAR POLYMATH ROGER BACON EVEN THOUGH MARCI SAID THAT SUSPENDING JUDGMENT ABOUT THIS CLAIM TAKEN QUITE SERIOUSLY VOYNICH BEST CONFIRM CONVICTION STRONGLY INFLUENCED MOST DECIPHERING ATTEMPTS NEXT YEARS HOWEVER SCHOLARS HAVE LOOKED VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT FAMILIAR WITH BACON'S WORKS HAVE FLATLY DENIED THAT POSSIBILITY CITATION NEEDED MNISHOVSKY DIED DEAL MUST HAVE OCCURRED BEFORE RUDOLF'S ABDICATION LEAST YEARS BEFORE MARCI'S LETTER JOHN ASSUMPTION THAT ROGER BACON AUTHOR VOYNICH CONCLUDE THAT PERSON SOLD MANUSCRIPT RUDOLF COULD ONLY JOHN MATHEMATICIAN ASTROLOGER COURT QUEEN ELIZABETH KNOWN HAVE OWNED LARGE COLLECTION BACON'S MANUSCRIPTS THIS THEORY ALSO CONVEYED VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT SCHOLAR GORDON RUGG SCRIER MEDIUMIC ASSISTANT EDWARD KELLEY LIVED BOHEMIA SEVERAL YEARS WHERE THEY HOPED SELL THEIR SERVICES EMPEROR HOWEVER DEE'S METICULOUSLY KEPT DIARIES MENTION THAT SALE MAKE SEEM QUITE UNLIKELY VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT AUTHOR BACON CONNECTION JUST DISAPPEAR POSSIBLE THAT HIMSELF HAVE WRITTEN SPREAD RUMOUR THAT ORIGINALLY WORK BACON'S HOPES LATER SELLING EDWARD KELLEY DEE'S COMPANION PRAGUE EDWARD KELLEY SELF-STYLED ALCHEMIST CLAIMED ABLE TURN COPPER INTO GOLD MEANS SECRET POWDER THAT BISHOP'S TOMB WALES DEE'S SCRIER CLAIMED ABLE INVOKE ANGELS THROUGH SHEWSTONE LONG CONVERSATIONS WITH THEM—WHICH DUTIFULLY NOTED DOWN ANGEL'S LANGUAGE CALLED ENOCHIAN AFTER ENOCH BIBLICAL FATHER METHUSELAH ACCORDING LEGEND BEEN TAKEN TOUR HEAVEN ANGELS LATER WRITTEN BOOK ABOUT WHAT THERE SEVERAL PEOPLE BELOW HAVE SUGGESTED THAT JUST KELLEY HAVE INVENTED ENOCHIAN DUPE CITATION NEEDED COULD HAVE FABRICATED VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT SWINDLE EMPEROR ALREADY PAYING KELLEY SUPPOSED ALCHEMICAL EXPERTISE EDIT FABRICATION VOYNICH OTHERS SUSPECTED VOYNICH HAVING FABRICATED MANUSCRIPT HIMSELF ANTIQUE-BOOK DEALER PROBABLY NECESSARY KNOWLEDGE MEANS LOST BOOK ROGER BACON WOULD HAVE BEEN WORTH FORTUNE HOWEVER EXPERT INTERNAL DATING MANUSCRIPT RECENT DISCOVERY BARESCH'S LETTER KIRCHER MANY CONSIDER THAT POSSIBILITY HAVE BEEN ELIMINATED STILL INTERNAL DATING OFTEN HIGHLY SPECULATIVE DEPENDS MANY ASSUMPTIONS THAT THEMSELVES LACKING HARD FACTUAL SUPPORT THERE ALSO BEEN DEBATE OVER WHAT DATE INTERNAL EVIDENCE SUGGESTS WITH SOME SCHOLARS PERCEIVING MORE MODERN DATE FURTHER BARESCH'S LETTER MARCI'S WELL ONLY ESTABLISH EXISTENCE MANUSCRIPT THAT VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT SAME SPOKEN THERE FACT THEIR LETTERS MIGHT EVEN TAKEN MOTIVATION VOYNICH FABRICATE MANUSCRIPT ASSUMING AWARE THEM RATHER THAN PROOFS AUTHENTICATING FABRICATION QUESTION ARISES NEITHER VOYNICH WIDOW EVER ATTEMPTED SELL FABRICATE DOCUMENT PROFIT NEVER ATTEMPT SELL WOULD HIGHLY UNUSUAL FAME RATHER THAN FORTUNE MIGHT SPECULATED MOTIVE THAT WOULD EXPLAIN VOYNICH'S WIDOW NEVER ATTEMPTED SELL MANUSCRIPT AFTER DEATH THINGS CONSIDERED MOST HAVE STUDIED HISTORY MANUSCRIPT BELIEVE THAT VOYNICH FABRICATED DOCUMENT EDIT OTHER THEORIES PHOTOSTATIC REPRODUCTION FIRST PAGE VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT TAKEN VOYNICH SOMETIME BEFORE SHOWED SOME FAINT WRITING THAT BEEN ERASED WITH HELP CHEMICALS TEXT COULD READ NAME JACOBJ TEPENECE THIS TAKEN JAKUB ICKý TEPENEC ALSO KNOWN LATIN NAME JACOBUS SINAPIUS SPECIALIST HERBAL MEDICINE RUDOLPH II'S PERSONAL PHYSICIAN CURATOR BOTANICAL GARDENS VOYNICH MANY OTHER PEOPLE AFTER CONCLUDED FROM THIS SIGNATURE THAT JACOBUS OWNED VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT BEFORE BARESCH THAT CONFIRMATION MNISHOVSKY'S STORY OTHERS HAVE SUGGESTED THAT JACOBUS HIMSELF COULD AUTHOR HOWEVER THAT WRITING DOES MATCH JACOBUS'S SIGNATURE FOUND DOCUMENT LOCATED HURYCH POSSIBLE THAT WRITING PAGE ADDED LATER OWNER LIBRARIAN ONLY THIS PERSON'S GUESS BOOK'S AUTHOR JESUIT HISTORY BOOKS THAT WERE AVAILABLE KIRCHER JESUIT-EDUCATED JACOBUS ONLY ALCHEMIST DOCTOR FROM RUDOLF'S COURT DESERVES FULL-PAGE ENTRY WHILE EXAMPLE TYCHO BRAHE BARELY MENTIONED MOREOVER CHEMICALS APPLIED VOYNICH HAVE DEGRADED VELLUM THAT HARDLY TRACE SIGNATURE SEEN TODAY THUS THERE ALSO SUSPICION THAT SIGNATURE FABRICATED VOYNICH ORDER STRENGTHEN ROGER BACON THEORY MARCI KIRCHER WHEN DELEGATION FROM CHARLES UNIVERSITY ROME OVER NEXT YEARS SCHOLARS EXCHANGED MANY LETTERS VARIETY SCIENTIFIC SUBJECTS MARCI'S TRIP PART CONTINUING STRUGGLE SECULARIST SIDE UNIVERSITY MAINTAIN THEIR INDEPENDENCE FROM JESUITS RIVAL CLEMENTINUM COLLEGE PRAGUE SPITE THOSE EFFORTS UNIVERSITIES WERE MERGED UNDER JESUIT CONTROL THEREFORE BEEN SPECULATED THAT POLITICAL ANIMOSITY AGAINST JESUITS MARCI FABRICATE BARESCH'S LETTERS LATER VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT ATTEMPT EXPOSE DISCREDIT THEIR STAR KIRCHER MARCI'S PERSONALITY KNOWLEDGE APPEAR HAVE BEEN ADEQUATE THIS TASK KIRCHER EASY TARGET INDEED BARESCH'S LETTER BEARS SOME RESEMBLANCE HOAX THAT ORIENTALIST ANDREAS MUELLER ONCE PLAYED KIRCHER MUELLER CONCOCTED UNINTELLIGIBLE MANUSCRIPT SENT KIRCHER WITH NOTE EXPLAINING THAT COME FROM EGYPT ASKED KIRCHER TRANSLATION KIRCHER REPORTEDLY PRODUCED ONCE WORTH NOTING THAT ONLY PROOFS GEORG BARESCH'S EXISTENCE THREE LETTERS SENT KIRCHER BARESCH MARCI ABOUT YEAR LATER ALSO CURIOUS THAT CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN MARCI KIRCHER ENDS PRECISELY WITH VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT COVER LETTER HOWEVER MARCI'S SECRET GRUDGE AGAINST JESUITS PURE CONJECTURE FAITHFUL CATHOLIC HIMSELF STUDIED BECOME JESUIT SHORTLY BEFORE DEATH GRANTED HONORARY MEMBERSHIP THEIR ORDER RAPHAEL MNISHOVSKY ZDEN PRINCE LOBKOVICE RAFAEL MNíšKOVSKý FRIEND MARCI REPUTED SOURCE BACON'S STORY HIMSELF CRYPTOGRAPHER AMONG MANY OTHER THINGS APPARENTLY INVENTED CIPHER THAT CLAIMED UNCRACKABLE THIS THEORY THAT PRODUCED VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT PRACTICAL DEMONSTRATION CIPHER MADE POOR BARESCH UNWITTING TEST SUBJECT AFTER KIRCHER PUBLISHED BOOK COPTIC MNISHOVSKY THEORY GOES HAVE THOUGHT THAT STUMPING WOULD MUCH BETTER TROPHY THAN STUMPING BARESCH CONVINCED ALCHEMIST JESUIT'S HELP WOULD HAVE INVENTED ROGER BACON STORY MOTIVATE BARESCH INDEED DISCLAIMER VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT COVER LETTER COULD MEAN THAT MARCI SUSPECTED HOWEVER THERE DEFINITE EVIDENCE THIS THEORY LEONELL STRONG CANCER RESEARCH SCIENTIST AMATEUR CRYPTOGRAPHER TRIED DECIPHER VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT STRONG SAID THAT SOLUTION VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT PECULIAR DOUBLE SYSTEM ARITHMETICAL PROGRESSIONS MULTIPLE ALPHABET STRONG CLAIMED THAT PLAINTEXT REVEALED VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT WRITTEN TH-CENTURY ENGLISH AUTHOR ANTHONY ASCHAM WHOSE WORKS INCLUDE LITTLE HERBAL PUBLISHED ALTHOUGH VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT DOES CONTAIN SECTIONS RESEMBLING LITTLE HERBAL MAIN ARGUMENT AGAINST THIS THEORY THAT UNKNOWN WHERE ANTHONY WOULD HAVE OBTAINED SUCH LITERARY CRYPTOGRAPHIC KNOWLEDGE NICK PELLING DEVELOPED THEORY BOOK THAT VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT WRITTEN ANTONIO AVERLINO ALSO KNOWN FILARETE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE ARCHITECT ACCORDING PELLING'S THEORY AVERLINO TRIED REACH CONSTANTINOPLE AROUND ENCIPHERED VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT SOME WORKS ABOUT VARIOUS ENGINEERING TOPICS ABLE EXPORT KNOWLEDGE OTTOMAN TURKS PAST VENETIAN BORDER GUARDS THEORY BASED MAINLY CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE PELLING EXAMINES SEVERAL CHARACTERISTICS CIPHER TEXT SUGGESTS MEANS ENCRYPTION AVERLINO MIGHT HAVE EMPLOYED DOES CLAIM HAVE DECIPHERED CONTENTS RIGHT THEN MANUSCRIPT ENCIPHERED WITH EXTREMELY CONVOLUTED CASCADE METHODS DESIGNED RENDER RESULTING CIPHER TEXT SIMILAR MEDIEVAL DOCUMENT UNKNOWN LANGUAGE COMPLETE WITH APPARENT CONSONANT-VOWEL PAIRING LETTERS FAKE PAGE REFERENCES PELLING CLAIMS MOST MARGINALIA WERE PART ORIGINAL DOCUMENT HAVE ENDED CORRUPT BECAUSE LATER OWNERS TRIED EMEND FADED TEXT WHEN THEY INCORRECTLY GUESSED ORIGINAL MEANING EDIT MULTIPLE AUTHORS PRESCOTT CURRIER NAVY CRYPTOGRAPHER WORKED WITH MANUSCRIPT OBSERVED THAT PAGES HERBAL SECTION COULD SEPARATED INTO SETS WITH DISTINCTIVE STATISTICAL PROPERTIES APPARENTLY DIFFERENT HANDWRITINGS CONCLUDED THAT VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT WORK MORE AUTHORS USED DIFFERENT DIALECTS SPELLING CONVENTIONS SHARED SAME SCRIPT HOWEVER RECENT STUDIES HAVE QUESTIONED THIS CONCLUSION HANDWRITING EXPERT EXAMINED BOOK ONLY HAND WHOLE MANUSCRIPT CITATION NEEDED ALSO WHEN SECTIONS EXAMINED SEES MORE GRADUAL TRANSITION WITH HERBAL HERBAL OPPOSITE ENDS THUS CURRIER'S OBSERVATIONS COULD SIMPLY RESULT HERBAL SECTIONS BEING WRITTEN AUTHOR OVER LONG PERIOD TIME OVERALL IMPRESSION GIVEN SURVIVING LEAVES MANUSCRIPT SUGGESTS THAT MEANT SERVE PHARMACOPOEIA ADDRESS TOPICS MEDIEVAL EARLY MODERN MEDICINE HOWEVER PUZZLING DETAILS ILLUSTRATIONS HAVE FUELED MANY THEORIES ABOUT BOOK'S ORIGINS CONTENTS TEXT PURPOSE WHICH INTENDED FIRST SECTION BOOK ALMOST CERTAINLY HERBAL ATTEMPTS IDENTIFY PLANTS EITHER WITH ACTUAL SPECIMENS WITH STYLIZED DRAWINGS CONTEMPORARY HERBALS HAVE LARGELY FAILED ONLY COUPLE PLANTS INCLUDING WILD PANSY MAIDENHAIR FERN IDENTIFIED WITH SOME CERTAINTY THOSE HERBAL PICTURES THAT MATCH PHARMACOLOGICAL SKETCHES APPEAR CLEAN COPIES THESE EXCEPT THAT MISSING PARTS WERE COMPLETED WITH IMPROBABLE-LOOKING DETAILS FACT MANY PLANTS SEEM COMPOSITE ROOTS SPECIES HAVE BEEN FASTENED LEAVES ANOTHER WITH FLOWERS FROM THIRD BRUMBAUGH BELIEVED THAT ILLUSTRATION DEPICTED WORLD SUNFLOWER WHICH WOULD HELP DATE MANUSCRIPT OPEN INTRIGUING POSSIBILITIES ORIGIN HOWEVER RESEMBLANCE SLIGHT ESPECIALLY WHEN COMPARED ORIGINAL WILD SPECIES SINCE SCALE DRAWING KNOWN PLANT COULD MANY OTHER MEMBERS SAME FAMILY WHICH INCLUDES COMMON DAISY CHAMOMILE MANY OTHER SPECIES FROM OVER WORLD BASINS TUBES BIOLOGICAL SECTION SEEM INDICATE CONNECTION ALCHEMY WHICH WOULD ALSO RELEVANT BOOK CONTAINED INSTRUCTIONS PREPARATION MEDICAL COMPOUNDS HOWEVER ALCHEMICAL BOOKS PERIOD SHARE COMMON PICTORIAL LANGUAGE WHERE PROCESSES MATERIALS REPRESENTED SPECIFIC IMAGES SUCH EAGLE TOAD TOMB COUPLE STANDARD TEXTUAL SYMBOLS SUCH CIRCLE WITH CROSS NONE THESE COULD CONVINCINGLY IDENTIFIED VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT ASTROLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS FREQUENTLY PLAYED PROMINENT ROLE HERB GATHERING BLOOD-LETTING OTHER MEDICAL PROCEDURES COMMON DURING LIKELIEST DATES MANUSCRIPT INSTANCE NICHOLAS CULPEPER'S BOOKS HOWEVER APART FROM OBVIOUS ZODIAC SYMBOLS DIAGRAM POSSIBLY SHOWING CLASSICAL PLANETS BEEN ABLE INTERPRET ILLUSTRATIONS WITHIN KNOWN ASTROLOGICAL TRADITIONS EUROPEAN OTHERWISE CIRCULAR DRAWING ASTRONOMICAL SECTION DEPICTS IRREGULARLY SHAPED OBJECT WITH FOUR CURVED ARMS WHICH SOME HAVE INTERPRETED PICTURE GALAXY THAT COULD ONLY OBTAINED WITH TELESCOPE OTHER DRAWINGS WERE INTERPRETED CELLS SEEN THROUGH MICROSCOPE THIS WOULD SUGGEST EARLY MODERN RATHER THAN MEDIEVAL DATE MANUSCRIPT'S ORIGIN HOWEVER RESEMBLANCE RATHER QUESTIONABLE CLOSE INSPECTION CENTRAL PART GALAXY LOOKS RATHER LIKE POOL WATER SOME IMAGES ALSO LOOK QUITE LIKE URCHINS EDIT LANGUAGE THERE MANY THEORIES ABOUT VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT'S LANGUAGE HERE SOME EDIT CIPHERS ACCORDING LETTER-BASED CIPHER THEORY VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT CONTAINS MEANINGFUL TEXT SOME EUROPEAN LANGUAGE THAT INTENTIONALLY RENDERED OBSCURE MAPPING VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT ALPHABET THROUGH CIPHER SOME SORT—AN ALGORITHM THAT OPERATED INDIVIDUAL LETTERS THIS BEEN WORKING HYPOTHESIS MOST DECIPHERING ATTEMPTS TWENTIETH CENTURY INCLUDING INFORMAL TEAM CRYPTOGRAPHERS WILLIAM FRIEDMAN EARLY SIMPLE MONOALPHABETIC CIPHERS EXCLUDED BECAUSE THEY VERY EASY CRACK DECIPHERING EFFORTS HAVE GENERALLY FOCUSED POLYALPHABETIC CIPHERS INVENTED ALBERTI THIS CLASS INCLUDES POPULAR VIGENèRE CIPHER WHICH COULD HAVE BEEN STRENGTHENED NULLS EQUIVALENT SYMBOLS LETTER REARRANGEMENT FALSE WORD BREAKS SOME PEOPLE ASSUMED THAT VOWELS BEEN DELETED BEFORE ENCRYPTION THERE HAVE BEEN SEVERAL CLAIMS DECIPHERING ALONG THESE LINES NONE BEEN WIDELY ACCEPTED CHIEFLY BECAUSE PROPOSED DECIPHERING ALGORITHMS DEPENDED MANY GUESSES USER THAT THEY COULD EXTRACT MEANINGFUL TEXT FROM RANDOM STRING SYMBOLS MAIN ARGUMENT THIS THEORY THAT STRANGE ALPHABET EUROPEAN AUTHOR HARDLY EXPLAINED EXCEPT ATTEMPT HIDE INFORMATION INDEED ROGER BACON KNEW ABOUT CIPHERS ESTIMATED DATE MANUSCRIPT ROUGHLY COINCIDES WITH BIRTH CRYPTOGRAPHY SYSTEMATIC DISCIPLINE AGAINST THIS THEORY OBSERVATION THAT POLYALPHABETIC CIPHER WOULD NORMALLY DESTROY NATURAL STATISTICAL FEATURES THAT SEEN VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT ALSO ALTHOUGH POLYALPHABETIC CIPHERS WERE INVENTED ABOUT VARIANTS ONLY BECAME POPULAR CENTURY SOMEWHAT LATE ESTIMATED DATE VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT ACCORDING CODEBOOK CIPHER THEORY VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT WORDS WOULD ACTUALLY CODES LOOKED DICTIONARY CODEBOOK MAIN EVIDENCE THIS THEORY THAT INTERNAL STRUCTURE LENGTH DISTRIBUTION THOSE WORDS SIMILAR THOSE ROMAN NUMERALS—WHICH TIME WOULD NATURAL CHOICE CODES HOWEVER BOOK-BASED CIPHERS VIABLE ONLY SHORT MESSAGES BECAUSE THEY VERY CUMBERSOME WRITE READ EDIT MICROGRAPHY FOLLOWING REDISCOVERY EARLIEST EFFORTS UNLOCK BOOK'S SECRETS FIRST MANY PREMATURE CLAIMS DECIPHERMENT MADE WILLIAM NEWBOLD UNIVERSITY PENNSYLVANIA SINGULAR HYPOTHESIS HELD THAT VISIBLE TEXT MEANINGLESS ITSELF THAT EACH APPARENT LETTER FACT CONSTRUCTED SERIES TINY MARKINGS ONLY DISCERNIBLE UNDER MAGNIFICATION THESE MARKINGS WERE SUPPOSED BASED ANCIENT GREEK SHORTHAND FORMING SECOND LEVEL SCRIPT THAT HELD REAL CONTENT WRITING NEWBOLD CLAIMED HAVE USED THIS KNOWLEDGE WORK ENTIRE PARAGRAPHS PROVING AUTHORSHIP BACON RECORDING COMPOUND MICROSCOPE FOUR HUNDRED YEARS BEFORE LEEUWENHOEK HOWEVER JOHN MANLY UNIVERSITY CHICAGO POINTED SERIOUS FLAWS THIS THEORY EACH SHORTHAND CHARACTER ASSUMED HAVE MULTIPLE INTERPRETATIONS WITH RELIABLE DETERMINE WHICH INTENDED GIVEN CASE NEWBOLD'S METHOD ALSO REQUIRED REARRANGING LETTERS WILL UNTIL INTELLIGIBLE LATIN PRODUCED THESE FACTORS ALONE ENSURE SYSTEM ENOUGH FLEXIBILITY THAT NEARLY ANYTHING COULD DISCERNED FROM MICROSCOPIC MARKINGS ALTHOUGH EVIDENCE MICROGRAPHY USING HEBREW LANGUAGE TRACED BACK NINTH CENTURY NOWHERE NEAR COMPACT COMPLEX SHAPES NEWBOLD MADE CLOSE STUDY MANUSCRIPT REVEALED MARKINGS ARTIFACTS CAUSED CRACKS DRIES ROUGH VELLUM PERCEIVING SIGNIFICANCE THESE ARTIFACTS ATTRIBUTED PAREIDOLIA THANKS MANLY'S THOROUGH REFUTATION MICROGRAPHY THEORY DISREGARDED EDIT STEGANOGRAPHY THIS THEORY HOLDS THAT TEXT VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT MOSTLY MEANINGLESS CONTAINS MEANINGFUL INFORMATION HIDDEN INCONSPICUOUS DETAILS—E SECOND LETTER EVERY WORD NUMBER LETTERS EACH LINE THIS TECHNIQUE CALLED STEGANOGRAPHY VERY DESCRIBED JOHANNES TRITHEMIUS SOME HAVE SUGGESTED THAT PLAIN TEXT EXTRACTED CARDAN GRILLE SOME SORT THIS THEORY HARD PROVE DISPROVE SINCE STEGOTEXTS ARBITRARILY HARD CRACK ARGUMENT AGAINST THAT USING CIPHER-LOOKING COVER TEXT DEFEATS MAIN PURPOSE STEGANOGRAPHY WHICH HIDE VERY EXISTENCE SECRET MESSAGE SOME PEOPLE HAVE SUGGESTED THAT MEANINGFUL TEXT COULD ENCODED LENGTH SHAPE CERTAIN STROKES THERE INDEED EXAMPLES STEGANOGRAPHY FROM ABOUT THAT TIME THAT LETTER SHAPE ITALIC UPRIGHT HIDE INFORMATION HOWEVER WHEN EXAMINED HIGH MAGNIFICATION VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT STROKES SEEM QUITE NATURAL SUBSTANTIALLY AFFECTED UNEVEN SURFACE VELLUM EDIT EXOTIC NATURAL LANGUAGE LINGUIST JACQUES ONCE SUGGESTED THAT VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT TEXT COULD SOME EXOTIC NATURAL LANGUAGE WRITTEN PLAIN WITH INVENTED ALPHABET WORD STRUCTURE INDEED SIMILAR THAT MANY LANGUAGE FAMILIES EAST CENTRAL ASIA MAINLY SINO-TIBETAN CHINESE TIBETAN BURMESE AUSTROASIATIC VIETNAMESE KHMER POSSIBLY THAI MANY THESE LANGUAGES WORDS HAVE ONLY SYLLABLE SYLLABLES HAVE RATHER RICH STRUCTURE INCLUDING TONAL PATTERNS THIS THEORY SOME HISTORICAL PLAUSIBILITY WHILE THOSE LANGUAGES GENERALLY NATIVE SCRIPTS THESE WERE NOTORIOUSLY DIFFICULT WESTERN VISITORS THIS DIFFICULTY MOTIVATED INVENTION SEVERAL PHONETIC SCRIPTS MOSTLY WITH LATIN LETTERS SOMETIMES WITH INVENTED ALPHABETS ALTHOUGH KNOWN EXAMPLES MUCH LATER THAN VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT HISTORY RECORDS HUNDREDS EXPLORERS MISSIONARIES COULD HAVE DONE IT—EVEN BEFORE MARCO POLO'S THIRTEENTH CENTURY VOYAGE ESPECIALLY AFTER VASCO GAMA SAILED ROUTE ORIENT VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT AUTHOR COULD ALSO NATIVE EAST ASIA LIVED EUROPE EDUCATED EUROPEAN MISSION MAIN ARGUMENT THIS THEORY THAT CONSISTENT WITH STATISTICAL PROPERTIES VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT TEXT WHICH HAVE BEEN TESTED INCLUDING DOUBLED TRIPLED WORDS WHICH HAVE BEEN FOUND OCCUR CHINESE VIETNAMESE TEXTS ROUGHLY SAME FREQUENCY VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT ALSO EXPLAINS APPARENT LACK NUMERALS WESTERN SYNTACTIC FEATURES SUCH ARTICLES COPULAS GENERAL INSCRUTABILITY ILLUSTRATIONS ANOTHER POSSIBLE HINT LARGE SYMBOLS FIRST PAGE WHICH HAVE BEEN COMPARED CHINESE-STYLE BOOK TITLE INVERTED BADLY COPIED ALSO APPARENT DIVISION YEAR INTO DEGREES RATHER THAN DAYS GROUPS STARTING WITH PISCES FEATURES CHINESE AGRICULTURAL CALENDAR MAIN ARGUMENT AGAINST THEORY FACT THAT INCLUDING SCHOLARS CHINESE ACADEMY SCIENCES BEIJING COULD FIND CLEAR EXAMPLES ASIAN SYMBOLISM ASIAN SCIENCE ILLUSTRATIONS LATE ZBIGNIEW BANASIK POLAND PROPOSED THAT MANUSCRIPT PLAINTEXT WRITTEN MANCHU LANGUAGE GAVE PROPOSED INCOMPLETE TRANSLATION FIRST PAGE MANUSCRIPT CHILD LINGUIST INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES PROPOSED THAT MANUSCRIPT WRITTEN EARLY GERMAN LANGUAGE EDIT GLOSSOLALIA THEIR BOOK KENNEDY CHURCHILL HINT POSSIBILITY THAT VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT CASE GLOSSOLALIA CHANNELING OUTSIDER THIS TRUE THEN AUTHOR FELT COMPELLED WRITE LARGE AMOUNTS TEXT MANNER WHICH SOMEHOW RESEMBLES STREAM CONSCIOUSNESS EITHER VOICES HEARD URGE WHILE GLOSSOLALIA THIS OFTEN TAKES PLACE INVENTED LANGUAGE USUALLY MADE FRAGMENTS AUTHOR'S LANGUAGE INVENTED SCRIPTS THIS PURPOSE RARE KENNEDY CHURCHILL HILDEGARD BINGEN'S WORKS POINT SIMILARITIES BETWEEN ILLUSTRATIONS DREW WHEN SUFFERING FROM SEVERE BOUTS MIGRAINE WHICH INDUCE TRANCE-LIKE STATE PRONE GLOSSOLALIA VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT PROMINENT FEATURES FOUND BOTH ABUNDANT STREAMS STARS REPETITIVE NATURE NYMPHS BIOLOGICAL SECTION THEORY VIRTUALLY IMPOSSIBLE PROVE DISPROVE SHORT DECIPHERING TEXT KENNEDY CHURCHILL THEMSELVES CONVINCED HYPOTHESIS CONSIDER PLAUSIBLE DRAWBACKS THIS THEORY THAT FAILS EXPLAIN DELIBERATE STRUCTURE MANUSCRIPT CAREFULLY CRAFTED ASTROLOGICAL BOTANICAL SECTIONS EDIT CONSTRUCTED LANGUAGE PECULIAR INTERNAL STRUCTURE VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT WORDS WILLIAM FRIEDMAN JOHN TILTMAN ARRIVE INDEPENDENTLY CONJECTURE THAT TEXT COULD CONSTRUCTED LANGUAGE PLAIN—SPECIFICALLY PHILOSOPHICAL PRIORI LANGUAGE LANGUAGES THIS CLASS VOCABULARY ORGANIZED ACCORDING CATEGORY SYSTEM THAT GENERAL MEANING WORD DEDUCED FROM SEQUENCE LETTERS EXAMPLE MODERN CONSTRUCTED LANGUAGE BOFO- CATEGORY COLORS WORD BEGINNING WITH THOSE LETTERS WOULD NAME COLOR BOFOC YELLOW BOFOF THIS EXTREME VERSION LIBRARY CONGRESS CLASSIFICATION USED MANY LIBRARIES WHICH STANDS LANGUAGE LITERATURE GREEK LATIN ROMANCE LANGUAGES THIS CONCEPT QUITE ATTESTED JOHN WILKINS'S PHILOSOPHICAL LANGUAGE STILL POSTDATES GENERALLY ACCEPTED ORIGIN VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT CENTURIES MOST KNOWN EXAMPLES CATEGORIES SUBDIVIDED ADDING SUFFIXES CONSEQUENCE TEXT PARTICULAR SUBJECT WOULD HAVE MANY WORDS WITH SIMILAR PREFIXES EXAMPLE PLANT NAMES WOULD BEGIN WITH SIMILAR LETTERS LIKEWISE DISEASES THIS FEATURE COULD THEN EXPLAIN REPETITIOUS NATURE VOYNICH TEXT HOWEVER BEEN ABLE ASSIGN PLAUSIBLE MEANING PREFIX SUFFIX VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT BOOK SOLUTION VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT LITURGICAL MANUAL ENDURA RITE CATHARI HERESY CULT ISIS LEVITOV DECLARED MANUSCRIPT PLAINTEXT TRANSCRIPTION POLYGLOT ORAL TONGUE THIS DEFINED LITERARY LANGUAGE WHICH WOULD UNDERSTANDABLE PEOPLE UNDERSTAND LATIN WHOM THIS LANGUAGE COULD READ PROPOSED DECRYPTION THREE VOYNICH LETTERS MAKING SYLLABLE PRODUCE SERIES SYLLABLES THAT FORM MIXTURE MIDDLE DUTCH WITH MANY BORROWED FRENCH HIGH GERMAN WORDS ACCORDING LEVITOV RITE ENDURA NONE OTHER THAN ASSISTED SUICIDE RITUAL PEOPLE ALREADY BELIEVED NEAR DEATH FAMOUSLY ASSOCIATED WITH CATHAR FAITH ALTHOUGH REALITY THIS RITUAL ALSO QUESTION EXPLAINS THAT CHIMERICAL PLANTS MEANT REPRESENT SPECIES FLORA SECRET SYMBOLS FAITH WOMEN BASINS WITH ELABORATE PLUMBING REPRESENT SUICIDE RITUAL ITSELF WHICH BELIEVED INVOLVED VENESECTION CUTTING VEIN ALLOW BLOOD DRAIN INTO WARM BATH CONSTELLATIONS WITH CELESTIAL ANALOGUE REPRESENTATIVE STARS ISIS' MANTLE THIS THEORY QUESTIONED SEVERAL GROUNDS FIRST CATHAR FAITH WIDELY UNDERSTOOD HAVE BEEN CHRISTIAN GNOSTICISM ASSOCIATED WITH ISIS SECOND THIS THEORY PLACES BOOK'S ORIGINS TWELFTH THIRTEENTH CENTURY WHICH SEVERAL CENTURIES EARLIER THAN MOST EXPERTS BELIEVE BASED INTERNAL EVIDENCE THIRD ENDURA RITUAL INVOLVED FASTING VENESECTION LEVITOV OFFERED EVIDENCE BEYOND TRANSLATION THIS THEORY EDIT HOAX BIZARRE FEATURES VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT TEXT SUCH DOUBLED TRIPLED WORDS SUSPICIOUS CONTENTS ILLUSTRATIONS SUCH CHIMERIC PLANTS LACK HISTORICAL REFERENCE SUPPORT IDEA THAT MANUSCRIPT REALLY HOAX OTHER WORDS ABLE EXTRACT MEANING FROM BOOK PERHAPS THIS BECAUSE DOCUMENT CONTAINS MEANINGFUL CONTENT FIRST PLACE ARGUMENT AUTHENTICITY OTHER HAND THAT MANUSCRIPT APPEARS SOPHISTICATED HOAX WHILE HOAXES PERIOD TENDED QUITE CRUDE VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT EXHIBITS MANY SUBTLE CHARACTERISTICS WHICH ONLY SHOW AFTER CAREFUL STATISTICAL ANALYSIS THESE FINE TOUCHES REQUIRE MUCH MORE WORK THAN WOULD HAVE BEEN NECESSARY SIMPLE FORGERY SOME COMPLEXITIES ONLY VISIBLE WITH MODERN TOOLS QUESTION THEN ARISES WOULD AUTHOR EMPLOY SUCH COMPLEX LABORIOUS FORGING ALGORITHM CREATION SIMPLISTIC HOAX EXPECTED AUDIENCE THAT CREATOR'S CONTEMPORARIES COULD TELL DIFFERENCE VARIOUS HOAX THEORIES HAVE BEEN PROPOSED OVER TIME COMPUTER SCIENTIST GORDON RUGG SHOWED THAT TEXT WITH CHARACTERISTICS SIMILAR VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT COULD HAVE BEEN PRODUCED USING TABLE WORD PREFIXES STEMS SUFFIXES WHICH WOULD HAVE BEEN SELECTED COMBINED MEANS PERFORATED PAPER OVERLAY LATTER DEVICE KNOWN CARDAN GRILLE INVENTED AROUND ENCRYPTION TOOL SLIGHTLY AFTER ESTIMATED CREATION DATE VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT SOME MAINTAIN THAT SIMILARITY BETWEEN PSEUDO-TEXTS GENERATED GORDON RUGG'S EXPERIMENTS VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT SUPERFICIAL GRILLE METHOD COULD USED EMULATE LANGUAGE CERTAIN DEGREE APRIL STUDY AUSTRIAN RESEARCHER ANDREAS SCHINNER PUBLISHED CRYPTOLOGIA SUPPORTED HOAX HYPOTHESIS SCHINNER SHOWED THAT STATISTICAL PROPERTIES MANUSCRIPT'S TEXT WERE MORE CONSISTENT WITH MEANINGLESS GIBBERISH PRODUCED USING QUASI-STOCHASTIC METHOD SUCH DESCRIBED RUGG THAN WITH LATIN MEDIEVAL GERMAN TEXTS HOWEVER THIS COMPARISON VALID ONLY PLAIN TEXT EUROPEAN LANGUAGES TEXT ENCIPHERED WITH SIMPLE SUBSTITUTION CIPHER WHILE ANALYSIS SUGGESTS MUCH MORE COMPLEX ENCIPHERING METHOD NON-EUROPEAN ORIGIN UNDERLYING TEXT VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT LETTER-BASED CIPHER EXOTIC NATURAL LANGUAGE ABOVE LATE CLAUDE MARTIN CLAIMED THAT VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT HOAX BASED CONVOLUTED ANAGRAMMING ALGORITHM NUMBERS EXAMPLE SEQUENCE WOULD RETRANSCRIBED INTO WHILE SUCH METHOD WOULD PRODUCE TEXT SOMEWHAT SIMILAR THAT VOYNICH MANUSCRIPT IT'S HARD EXPLAIN SUCH DIFFICULT TIME-CONSUMING PROCEDURE WOULD USED HOAX MARTIN'S WORDS CIPHERING METHOD THAT HAVE JUST ANALYZED DOES SEEM ACCORDANCE WITH THOSE USED MIDDLE AGES TIME TRITHèME VIGENèRE CARDAN ROGER BACON
Thanks to Spoon for these words.
What next?
- Another batch of random words from this seed set.
- View the list of word lists.