Seed Words for CHRIA MOSENT
UCLA CENTER EAST ASIAN STUDIES -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CHINA'S LARGEST CITIES THIS LIST INCLUDES CHINA'S CITIES WITH POPULATIONS OVER MILLION NATIONAL CENSUS CITY POPULATION MILLIONS SHANGHAI BEIJING HONG KONG TIANJIN QINGDAO SHENYANG GUANGZHOU WUHAN TAI'AN HARBIN CHENGDU DALIAN NINGBO SUZHOU YANTAI ZAOZHUANG WUXI CHONGQING WEIFANG XIANGFAN CHANGCHUN XI'AN YANGZHOU HUAIYIN NANJING HANGZHOU ANSHAN ZIBO JINAN JILIN JINHUA TAIYUAN LIUPANSHUI PINGDINGSHAN XUZHOU HENGYANG HANDAN XINXIANG ZHENGZHOU DONGWAN WEIHAI MIANYANG GUIYANG WENZHOU LANZHOU KUNMING NANTONG LINYI JIAOZUO XIANGTAN ZHUZHOU TANGSHAN TIANMEN CHANGDE DONGSHAN FUZHOU QIQIHAR SIPING DENGZHOU FUSHUN PINGXIANG GUIKONG SHIJIAZHUANG XUCHANG JIAXING XIANTAO JINXI CHANGSHA YULIN CHAOZHOU DEYANG NEIJIANG DATONG ZHENJIANG SHAOXING NANCHANG SUININ XIAOCAN BOTOU HUAINAN HAOZHOU LUOYANG TONGHUA NANNING URUMQI HEZE HEFEI TIELING LANGFANG YUEYANG MACHENG ZHANJIANG TIANSHUI HUZHOU RIZAO DINGZHOU FENGCHANG JINGMEN LIANYUAN FULIN SOURCE UNITED NATIONS STATISTICS DIVISION WEBSITE CHINESE CITIES HTTP DEPTS UNSD DEMOG THESE FIGURES EXCEPT HONG KONG MACAU FROM NATIONAL CENSUS HONG KONG FIGURE FROM CLICK HERE CHINA CLICK HERE SHOWING CHINA'S POPULATION DENSITY BACK STATISTICS INDEX BACK JOINT CENTER HOME PAGE LAST UPDATED CLAYTON DUBE CALL PARTICIPATION WIKIMANIA BEEN RELEASED SUBMIT YOUR PRESENTATIONS BEFORE APRIL HIDE HELP WITH TRANSLATIONS JIHAD FROM WIKIPEDIA FREE ENCYCLOPEDIA JUMP NAVIGATION SEARCH OTHER USES JIHAD DISAMBIGUATION NEUTRALITY THIS ARTICLE DISPUTED PLEASE DISCUSSION TALK PAGE PLEASE REMOVE THIS MESSAGE UNTIL DISPUTE RESOLVED FEBRUARY PART SERIES ISLAM BELIEFS ALLAH ONENESS MUHAMMAD OTHER PROPHETS PRACTICES PROFESSION FAITH PRAYER FASTING CHARITY PILGRIMAGE TEXTS LAWS QUR'AN SUNNAH HADITH FIQH SHARIA KALAM SUFISM HISTORY LEADERSHIP TIMELINE MUSLIM HISTORY AL-BAYT SAHABA SUNNI SHI'A RASHIDUN SHI'A IMAMS CULTURE SOCIETY ACADEMICS ANIMALS CALENDAR CHILDREN DEMOGRAPHICS FESTIVALS MOSQUES PHILOSOPHY SCIENCE WOMEN POLITICS DAWAH ISLAM OTHER RELIGIONS CHRISTIANITY JUDAISM HINDUISM SIKHISM JAINISM ALSO CRITICISM ISLAMOPHOBIA GLOSSARY ISLAMIC TERMS ISLAM PORTAL JIHAD ARABIC ISLAMIC TERM RELIGIOUS DUTY MUSLIMS ARABIC WORD NOUN MEANING STRUGGLE JIHAD APPEARS FREQUENTLY QUR'AN COMMON USAGE IDIOMATIC EXPRESSION STRIVING ALLAH AL-JIHAD SABIL ALLAH PERSON ENGAGED JIHAD CALLED MUJAHID PLURAL MUJAHIDEEN MINORITY AMONG SUNNI SCHOLARS SOMETIMES REFER THIS DUTY SIXTH PILLAR ISLAM THOUGH OCCUPIES SUCH OFFICIAL STATUS TWELVER SHI'A ISLAM HOWEVER JIHAD PRACTICES RELIGION ACCORDING SCHOLAR JOHN ESPOSITO JIHAD REQUIRES MUSLIMS STRUGGLE STRUGGLE IMPROVE ONE'S SELF SOCIETY JIHAD DIRECTED AGAINST SATAN'S INDUCEMENTS ASPECTS ONE'S SELF AGAINST VISIBLE ENEMY FOUR MAJOR CATEGORIES JIHAD THAT RECOGNIZED JIHAD AGAINST ONE'S SELF JIHAD AL-NAFS JIHAD TONGUE JIHAD AL-LISAN JIHAD HAND JIHAD AL-YAD JIHAD SWORD JIHAD AS-SAYF ISLAMIC MILITARY JURISPRUDENCE FOCUSES REGULATING CONDITIONS PRACTICE JIHAD AS-SAYF ONLY FORM WARFARE PERMISSIBLE UNDER ISLAMIC THUS TERM JIHAD USUALLY USED FIQH MANUALS REFERENCE MILITARY COMBAT CONTENTS HIDE USAGE TERM GREATER JIHAD LESSER JIHAD JIHAD SAIF CONTROVERSY HISTORY JIHAD ORIGINS EARLY INSTANCES JIHAD JIHAD CRUSADES ISLAMIC SPAIN PORTUGAL INDIAN SUBCONTINENT TAMERLANE FULANI JIHADS CAUCASUS MAHDISTS SUDAN WAHABBISTS OTTOMAN EMPIRE AFGHANISTAN ALGERIA VIEWS JIHAD DIFFERENT MUSLIM GROUPS SUNNI VIEW JIHAD SUFIC VIEW JIHAD JIHAD WARFARE DIRECTIVE WARFARE DRIVING FORCE ETHICAL LIMITS OBJECTIVES WARFARE AGAINST PERSECUTION SUPREMACY ISLAM ARABIAN PENINSULA WARFARE MUSLIM SOCIETIES NON-MUSLIM OPINIONS MODERN VIEWS ALSO POLITICAL MILITARY ASPECTS RELATED CONCEPTS PHILOSOPHERS JIHAD DOCTRINE REFERENCES FURTHER READING SOURCES EXTERNAL LINKS USAGE TERM TERM JIHAD USED WITHOUT QUALIFIERS GENERALLY UNDERSTOOD WEST REFERRING HOLY BEHALF ISLAM BROADER USAGE INTERPRETATION TERM ACCRUED BOTH VIOLENT NON-VIOLENT MEANINGS SIMPLY MEAN STRIVING LIVE MORAL VIRTUOUS LIFE SPREADING DEFENDING ISLAM WELL FIGHTING INJUSTICE OPPRESSION AMONG OTHER THINGS RELATIVE IMPORTANCE THESE FORMS JIHAD MATTER CONTROVERSY GREATER JIHAD WITHIN ISLAMIC BELIEF MUHAMMAD SAID HAVE REGARDED INNER STRUGGLE FAITH GREATER JIHAD PRIORITIZING OVER PHYSICAL FIGHTING DEFENSE UMMAH MEMBERS GLOBAL ISLAMIC COMMUNITY FAMOUS HADITH PROPHET SAYING HAVE RETURNED FROM LESSER JIHAD BATTLE GREATER JIHAD JIHAD SOUL MUSLIM SCHOLAR MAHMOUD AYOUB STATES THAT GOAL TRUE JIHAD ATTAIN HARMONY BETWEEN ISLAM SUBMISSION IMAN FAITH IHSAN RIGHTEOUS LIVING GREATER JIHAD COMPARED STRUGGLE THAT CHRISTIANS REFER RESISTING FIGHTING TEMPTATION DOUBT DISBELIEF DETRACTION GREATER JIHAD ABOUT HOLDING FAST AGAINST IDEAS PRACTICES THAT CONTRARY MUHAMMAD'S REVELATIONS QUR'AN SAYINGS HADITH EXAMPLES LIVED LIFE SUNNAH THIS CONCEPT JIHAD DOES CORRESPOND MILITARY ACTION MODERN STANDARD ARABIC JIHAD CORRECT TERMS STRUGGLE CAUSE VIOLENT RELIGIOUS SECULAR THOUGH ALSO USED CITATION NEEDED INSTANCE MAHATMA GANDHI'S STRUGGLE INDIAN INDEPENDENCE CALLED JIHAD MODERN STANDARD ARABIC WELL MANY OTHER DIALECTS ARABIC TERMINOLOGY APPLIED FIGHT WOMEN'S LIBERATION MODERN TIMES PAKISTANI SCHOLAR PROFESSOR FAZLUR RAHMAN MALIK USED TERM DESCRIBE STRUGGLE ESTABLISH JUST MORAL-SOCIAL ORDER WHILE PRESIDENT HABIB BOURGUIBA TUNISIA USED DESCRIBE STRUGGLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT THAT COUNTRY LESSER JIHAD JIHAD SAIF PART MEDITATION FROM MOHAMMED REZA TAHERI-AZAR'S JUSTIFICATION TERRORIST ATTACK UNIVERSITY NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL MEDITATION APPEARED NUMEROUS WEBSITES CRITICAL ISLAM WITHIN ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE JIHAD ONLY FORM WARFARE PERMISSIBLE UNDER ISLAMIC DECLARED AGAINST APOSTATES REBELS HIGHWAY ROBBERS VIOLENT GROUPS NON-ISLAMIC LEADERS NON-MUSLIM COMBATANTS THERE OTHER WAYS PERFORM JIHAD WELL INCLUDING CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE PRIMARY JIHAD WARFARE CONVERSION NON-MUSLIMS ISLAM FORCE RATHER EXPANSION DEFENSE ISLAMIC STATE CLASSICAL MANUALS ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE RULES ASSOCIATED WITH ARMED WARFARE COVERED GREAT LENGTH SUCH RULES INCLUDE KILLING WOMEN CHILDREN NON-COMBATANTS WELL DAMAGING CULTIVATED RESIDENTIAL AREAS MORE RECENTLY MODERN MUSLIMS HAVE TRIED RE-INTERPRET ISLAMIC SOURCES STRESSING THAT JIHAD ESSENTIALLY DEFENSIVE WARFARE AIMED PROTECTING MUSLIMS ISLAM ALTHOUGH SOME ISLAMIC SCHOLARS HAVE DIFFERED IMPLEMENTATION JIHAD THERE CONSENSUS AMONGST THEM THAT CONCEPT JIHAD WILL ALWAYS INCLUDE ARMED STRUGGLE AGAINST PERSECUTION OPPRESSION JIHAD ALSO BEEN APPLIED OFFENSIVE AGGRESSIVE WARFARE EXEMPLIFIED MUHAMMAD'S POLICIES ENTIRE SUBSEQUENT HISTORY SPREAD ISLAM FROM FIRST GENERATION ISLAM JIHAD IDEOLOGY INSPIRED CONQUEST NON-MUSLIM POPULATIONS FORCING THEM SUBMIT MUSLIM RULE ACCEPT OUTRIGHT CONVERSION ALTHOUGH CONVERSION GENERALLY DEMANDED PEOPLES BOOK THIS COULD FORCIBLY IMPOSED NON- PEOPLES BOOK JIHAD IDEOLOGIES ALSO INSPIRED INTERNAL CIVIL CONFLICT SEEN EARLY MOVEMENTS LIKE KHARIJITES CONTEMPORARY EGYPTIAN ISLAMIC JIHAD ORGANIZATION WHICH ASSASSINATED ANWAR SADAT WELL JIHAD ORGANIZATIONS LEBANON GULF STATES INDONESIA WHEN USED DESCRIBE WARFARE BETWEEN ISLAMIC GROUPS INDIVIDUALS SUCH AL-QAEDA'S ATTACKS CIVILIANS IRAQ PERPETRATORS VIOLENCE OFTEN CITE COLLABORATION WITH NON-ISLAMIC POWERS JUSTIFICATION TERRORIST ATTACKS LIKE THAT SEPTEMBER WHICH PLANNED EXECUTED RADICAL ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISTS HAVE BEEN SANCTIONED MORE CENTRIST GROUPS MUSLIMS THIS KIND TERRORISM BEEN CONDEMNED MUSLIMS AROUND WORLD WORD ITSELF BEEN RECORDED ENGLISH SINCE MUSLIM SENSE BEEN USED DOCTRINAL JIHAD SINCE CONTROVERSY CONTROVERSY ARISEN OVER WHETHER TERM JIHAD WITHOUT FURTHER EXPLANATION REFERS JIHAD SWORD WHETHER SOME HAVE USED CONFUSION OVER DEFINITION TERM THEIR ADVANTAGE MIDDLE EAST HISTORIAN BERNARD LEWIS ARGUES THAT OVERWHELMING MAJORITY CLASSICAL THEOLOGIANS JURISTS TRADITIONALISTS SPECIALISTS HADITH UNDERSTOOD OBLIGATION JIHAD MILITARY SENSE SCHOLAR DAVID COOK WRITES READING MUSLIM LITERATURE BOTH CONTEMPORARY CLASSICAL THAT EVIDENCE PRIMACY SPIRITUAL JIHAD NEGLIGIBLE TODAY CERTAIN THAT MUSLIM WRITING NON-WESTERN LANGUAGE SUCH ARABIC PERSIAN URDU WOULD EVER MAKE CLAIMS THAT JIHAD PRIMARILY NONVIOLENT BEEN SUPERSEDED SPIRITUAL JIHAD SUCH CLAIMS MADE SOLELY WESTERN SCHOLARS PRIMARILY THOSE STUDY SUFISM WORK INTERFAITH DIALOGUE MUSLIM APOLOGISTS TRYING PRESENT ISLAM MOST INNOCUOUS MANNER POSSIBLE ACCORDING DOUGLAS STREUSAND HADITH COLLECTIONS JIHAD MEANS ARMED ACTION EXAMPLE REFERENCES JIHAD MOST STANDARD COLLECTION HADITH SAHIH AL-BUKHARI ASSUME THAT JIHAD MEANS WARFARE SOME FUNDAMENTALIST MUSLIM TRADITIONALISTS THAT WORLD DIVIDED INTO HOUSES HOUSE ISLAMIC PEACE AL-SALAM WHICH MUSLIM GOVERNMENTS RULE MUSLIM PREVAILS HOUSE AL-HARB REST WORLD STILL INHABITED PRESUMPTION THAT NATURAL THESE DOMAINS WILL COMPETE FIGHTING INEVITABLE THEREFORE DUTY JIHAD WILL CONTINUE INTERRUPTED ONLY TRUCES UNTIL WORLD EITHER ADOPTS MUSLIM FAITH SUBMITS MUSLIM RULE THOSE FIGHT JIHAD QUALIFY REWARDS BOTH WORLDS TREASURE THIS PARADISE NEXT MOST RECORDED HISTORY ISLAM FROM LIFETIME PROPHET MUHAMMAD ONWARD WORD JIHAD USED PRIMARILY MILITARY SENSE NEVERTHELESS HADITH THERE FACT REMAINS THAT IDEAS REGARDING WHICH HADITH CONSIDERED CONTROVERSIAL MORE OFTEN THAN BASED UPON PRECONCEIVED IDEOLOGY CERTAIN FACTIONS RATHER THAN CONSENSUS UMMAH EVEN HISTORICAL THEOLOGICAL EXEGESIS FURTHERMORE GREATEST SAINTS WALI ISLAM MAJORITY UMMAH HAVE SUPPORTED MUHAMMAD'S INTERPRETATION JIHAD ACCORDING THIS HADITH WELL THAT QUR'AN ITSELF BEING CRITICAL DAILY RELIGIOUS PRACTICE WHICH BELIEVER URGED ENGAGE STRUGGLE JIHAD WITHIN ONESELF NAFS AGAINST INCESSANT PROMPTINGS EVIL NUMBER ISLAMIC SCHOLARS HAVE DISTINGUISHED JIHAD LEGITIMATE STRUGGLE FROM FASAD ILLEGITIMATE VIOLENCE TROUBLEMAKING ARGUE THAT TERRORISM SHOULD CALLED FASAD JIHAD HISTORY JIHAD ORIGINS BEGINNINGS JIHAD TRACED BACK WORDS ACTIONS MUHAMMAD QU’RAN THIS WORD ALLAH EXPLICITLY ENCOURAGES JIHAD AGAINST UNBELIEVERS SURA VERSE STATES “THEREFORE OBEY DISBELIEVERS STRIVE AGAINST THEM WITH THIS GREAT STRIVING THEREFORE DUTY MUSLIMS STRIVE AGAINST THOSE BELIEVE ALLAH TOOK OFFENSIVE ACTION AGAINST MUSLIMS QU’RAN HOWEVER NEVER USES TERM JIHAD FIGHTING COMBAT NAME ALLAH QITAL USED MEAN “FIGHTING STRUGGLE JIHAD QU’RAN ORIGINALLY INTENDED NEARBY NEIGHBORS MUSLIMS TIME PASSED MORE ENEMIES AROSE QU’RANIC STATEMENTS SUPPORTING JIHAD WERE UPDATED ADVERSARIES FIRST DOCUMENTATION JIHAD WRITTEN ‘ABD AL-RAHMAN AL-AWZA’I MUHAMMAD AL-HASAN AL-SHAYBANI DOCUMENT GREW DEBATES THAT SURFACED EVER SINCE MUHAMMAD'S DEATH EARLY INSTANCES JIHAD FIRST FORMS MILITARY JIHAD OCCURRED AFTER MIGRATION HIJRA MUHAMMAD SMALL GROUP FOLLOWERS MEDINA FROM MECCA CONVERSION SEVERAL INHABITANTS CITY ISLAM FIRST REVELATION CONCERNING STRUGGLE AGAINST MECCANS SURAH VERSES THOSE AGAINST WHOM MADE PERMISSION GIVEN FIGHT BECAUSE THEY WRONGED VERILY ALLAH MOST POWERFUL THEIR THEY THOSE HAVE BEEN EXPELLED FROM THEIR HOMES DEFIANCE RIGHT CAUSE EXCEPT THAT THEY LORD ALLAH ALLAH CHECK PEOPLE MEANS ANOTHER THERE WOULD SURELY HAVE BEEN PULLED DOWN MONASTERIES CHURCHES SYNAGOGUES MOSQUES WHICH NAME ALLAH COMMEMORATED ABUNDANT MEASURE ALLAH WILL CERTAINLY THOSE CAUSE VERILY ALLAH FULL STRENGTH EXALTED MIGHT ABLE ENFORCE WILL —ABDULLAH YUSUF THERE WERE SEVERAL REASONS MUHAMMAD FOLLOWERS FIGHT MECCANS MUSLIMS WERE DEFENDING THEMSELVES AGAINST MECCANS' ATTACK ACCORDING THIS SURAH VERSE REVEALED FIGHT CAUSE ALLAH THOSE FIGHT TRANSGRESS LIMITS ALLAH LOVETH TRANSGRESSORS —ABDULLAH YUSUF MUSLIMS LEAST PARTIALLY PROVOKED MECCANS ATTACK THEM ROBBING GOODS THEIR CARAVANS HOWEVER THIS INEVITABLE EMIGRANTS MUSLIMS FLED FROM MECCA YATHRIB MEDINA LOST THEIR GOODS BECAUSE MECCANS NEEDED LIVELIHOOD THEY ROBBED GOODS FROM MECCAN CARAVANS WHICH CONSIDERED JUSTIFIED THAT TIME THIS TIME MUSLIMS BEEN PERSECUTED OPPRESSED MECCANS THERE WERE STILL MUSLIMS COULDN'T FLEE FROM MECCA WERE STILL OPPRESSED BECAUSE THEIR FAITH SURAH VERSE REFERRING THIS FACT SHOULD FIGHT CAUSE ALLAH THOSE BEING WEAK ILL-TREATED OPPRESSED WOMEN CHILDREN WHOSE LORD RESCUE FROM THIS TOWN WHOSE PEOPLE OPPRESSORS RAISE FROM THEE WILL PROTECT RAISE FROM THEE WILL HELP —ABDULLAH YUSUF MECCANS ALSO REFUSED MUSLIMS ENTER MECCA THAT DENIED THEM ACCESS THEKA'ABA SURAH VERSE WHAT PLEA HAVE THEY THAT ALLAH SHOULD PUNISH THEM WHEN THEY KEEP FROM SACRED MOSQUE THEY GUARDIANS GUARDIANS EXCEPT RIGHTEOUS MOST THEM UNDERSTAND —ABDULLAH YUSUF MAIN FOCUS MUHAMMAD’S LATER YEARS INCREASING NUMBER ALLIES WELL AMOUNT TERRITORY UNDER MUSLIM CONTROL QU’RAN UNCLEAR WHETHER JIHAD ACCEPTABLE ONLY DEFENSE FAITH FROM WRONG-DOINGS CASES MAJOR BATTLES HISTORY ISLAM AROSE BETWEEN MECCANS MUSLIMS MOST IMPORTANT LATTER BATTLE BADR THIS MUSLIM VICTORY OVER POLYTHEISTS SHOWED “DEMONSTRATION DIVINE GUIDANCE INTERVENTION BEHALF MUSLIMS EVEN WHEN OUTNUMBERED OTHER EARLY BATTLES INCLUDED BATTLES UHUD KHANDAQ MECCA HUNAYN THESE BATTLES ESPECIALLY UHUD KHANDAQ WERE UNSUCCESSFUL COMPARISON BATTLE BADR RELATING THIS BATTLE QU’RAN STATES THAT ALLAH SENT “UNSEEN ARMY ANGELS” THAT HELPED MUSLIMS DEFEAT MECCANS JIHAD CRUSADES EUROPEAN CRUSADERS CONQUERED MUCH TERRITORY HELD WITHIN ISLAMIC STATE DIVIDING INTO FOUR KINGDOMS MOST IMPORTANT BEING STATE JERUSALEM CRUSADES ORIGINALLY GOAL RECAPTURING JERUSALEM HOLY LAND FORMER CHRISTIAN TERRITORY FROM MUSLIM RULE WERE ORIGINALLY LAUNCHED RESPONSE CALL FROM EASTERN ORTHODOX BYZANTINE EMPIRE HELP AGAINST EXPANSION MUSLIM SELJUK TURKS INTO ANATOLIA THERE LITTLE DRIVE RETAKE LANDS FROM CRUSADERS SAVE ATTACKS MADE EGYPTIAN FATIMIDS THIS CHANGED HOWEVER WITH COMING ZANGI RULER WHAT TODAY NORTHERN IRAQ TOOK EDESSA WHICH TRIGGERED SECOND CRUSADE WHICH LITTLE MORE THAN -YEAR STALEMATE STALEMATE ENDED WITH VICTORY SALAH AL-DIN AL-AYYUBI KNOWN WEST SALADIN OVER FORCES JERUSALEM HORNS HATTIN DURING COURSE STALEMATE THAT GREAT DEAL LITERATURE REGARDING JIHAD WRITTEN WHILE AMASSING ARMIES SYRIA SALADIN CREATE DOCTRINE WHICH WOULD UNITE FORCES MAKE THEM FIGHT UNTIL BITTER WHICH WOULD ONLY THEY COULD RE-CONQUER LANDS TAKEN FIRST CRUSADE THIS THROUGH CREATION JIHAD PROPAGANDA STATED THAT WOULD ABANDON JIHAD WOULD COMMITTING THAT COULD WASHED AWAY MEANS ALSO AMIRS CENTER POWER JUST UNDER RULE WHILE THIS PROPAGANDA SUCCESSFUL UNITING FORCES TIME FERVOR BURNED QUICKLY MUCH SALADIN'S TEACHINGS WERE REJECTED AFTER DEATH ISLAMIC SPAIN PORTUGAL MEDIEVAL SPAIN SCENE ALMOST CONSTANT WARFARE BETWEEN MUSLIMS CHRISTIANS PERIODIC RAIDING EXPEDITIONS WERE SENT FROM AL-ANDALUS RAVAGE CHRISTIAN IBERIAN KINGDOMS BRINGING BACK TREASURE SLAVES RAID AGAINST LISBON EXAMPLE ALMOHAD CALIPH YAQUB AL-MANSUR TOOK FEMALE CHILD CAPTIVES WHILE GOVERNOR CóRDOBA SUBSEQUENT ATTACK UPON SILVES TOOK CHRISTIAN SLAVES ALMOHAD DYNASTY FROM ARABIC AL-MUWAHHIDUN MONOTHEISTS UNITARIANS BERBER MUSLIM DYNASTY THAT FOUNDED CENTURY CONQUERED NORTHERN AFRICA LIBYA TOGETHER WITH AL-ANDALUS MOORISH SPAIN ALMOHADS DECLARED EVERLASTING JIHAD AGAINST CHRISTIANS SURPASSED ALMORAVIDES FUNDAMENTALIST OUTLOOK THEY TREATED DHIMMIS HARSHLY FACED WITH CHOICE EITHER DEATH CONVERSION MANY JEWS CHRISTIANS EMIGRATED SOME SUCH FAMILY MAIMONIDES FLED EAST MORE TOLERANT MUSLIM LANDS WHILE OTHERS WENT NORTHWARD SETTLE GROWING CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS INDIAN SUBCONTINENT JADUNATH SARKAR CONTENDS THAT SEVERAL MUSLIM INVADERS WERE WAGING SYSTEMATIC JIHAD AGAINST HINDUS INDIA EFFECT THAT EVERY DEVICE SHORT MASSACRE COLD BLOOD RESORTED ORDER CONVERT HEATHEN SUBJECTS PARTICULAR RECORDS KEPT AL-UTBI MAHMUD AL-GHAZNI'S SECRETARY TARIKH-I-YAMINI DOCUMENT SEVERAL EPISODES BLOODY MILITARY CAMPAIGNS BABUR ORDERED JIHAD AGAINST RAJPUTS BATTLE KHANWA PUBLICLY ADDRESSING DECLARED FORTHCOMING BATTLE JIHAD SOLDIERS WERE FACING NON-MUSLIM ARMY FIRST TIME EVER THIS SAID THEIR CHANCE BECOME EITHER GHAZI SOLDIER ISLAM SHAHEED MARTYR ISLAM MUGHAL EMPEROR AURANGZEB WAGED JIHAD AGAINST THOSE IDENTIFIED HETERODOX WITHIN INDIA'S ISLAMIC COMMUNITY SUCH SHI'A MUSLIMS TAMERLANE TIMUR LENK CENTURY TURCO-MONGOL CONQUEROR MUCH WESTERN CENTRAL ASIA THOUGHT HIMSELF GHAZI ALTHOUGH WARS WERE ALSO AGAINST MUSLIM STATES FULANI JIHADS FULA FULANI JIHADS WERE SERIES INDEPENDENT LOOSELY CONNECTED EVENTS ACROSS WEST AFRICA BETWEEN LATE CENTURY EUROPEAN COLONIZATION WHICH MUSLIM FULAS TOOK CONTROL VARIOUS PARTS REGION BETWEEN BETWEEN ONE- TWO-THIRDS ENTIRE POPULATION FULANI JIHAD STATES CONSISTED SLAVES CAUCASUS IMAM SHEIKH MANSUR CHECHEN WARRIOR MUSLIM MYSTIC COALITION MUSLIM CAUCASIAN TRIBES FROM THROUGHOUT CAUCASUS GHAZAVAT HOLY AGAINST RUSSIAN INVADERS SHEIKH MANSUR CAPTURED DIED SCHLUSSELBURG FORTRESS AVARIAN ISLAMIC SCHOLAR GHAZI MUHAMMAD PREACHED THAT JIHAD WOULD OCCUR UNTIL CAUCASIANS FOLLOWED SHARIA COMPLETELY RATHER THAN FOLLOWING MIXTURE ISLAMIC LAWS ADAT CUSTOMARY TRADITIONS MULLAH BEGAN PROSELYTIZING CLAIMING THAT OBEYING SHARIA GIVING ZAKAT PRAYER HAJJ WOULD ACCEPTED ALLAH RUSSIANS WERE STILL PRESENT AREA EVEN WENT CLAIM THAT MARRIAGES WOULD BECOME VOID CHILDREN BASTARDS RUSSIANS WERE STILL CAUCASUS PROCLAIMED IMAM GHIMRY WHERE FORMALLY MADE CALL HOLY GHAZI MUHAMMAD DIED BATTLE GHIMRI IMAM SHAMIL TOOK PLACE PREMIER LEADER CAUCASIAN RESISTANCE IMAM SHAMIL SUCCEEDED ACCOMPLISHING WHAT SHEIK MANSUR STARTED UNITE NORTH CAUCASIAN HIGHLANDERS THEIR STRUGGLE AGAINST RUSSIAN EMPIRE LEADER ANTI-RUSSIAN RESISTANCE CAUCASIAN THIRD IMAM DAGESTAN CHECHNYA MAHDISTS SUDAN DURING EUROPEAN INITIATIVES AGAINST SLAVE TRADE CAUSED ECONOMIC CRISIS NORTHERN SUDAN PRECIPITATING RISE MAHDIST FORCES MUHAMMAD AHMED MAHDI RELIGIOUS LEADER PROCLAIMED HIMSELF MAHDI PROPHESIED REDEEMER ISLAM WILL APPEAR TIMES DECLARED JIHAD AGAINST OTTOMAN RULERS DECLARED TURKS INFIDELS CALLED THEIR EXECUTION MAHDI RAISED ARMY SUCCESSFUL RELIGIOUS TOPPLE OTTOMAN-EGYPTIAN OCCUPATION SUDAN VICTORY CREATED ISLAMIC STATE THAT QUICKLY REINSTITUTED SLAVERY WEST MOST FAMOUS DEFEATING LATER KILLING BRITISH GENERAL CHARLES GEORGE GORDON FALL KHARTOUM WAHABBISTS SAUDI SALAFI SHEIKS WERE CONVINCED THAT THEIR RELIGIOUS MISSION WAGE JIHAD AGAINST OTHER FORMS ISLAM SAUDI WAHHABISTS UNDER ABDUL AZIZ MUHAMMAD SAUD ATTACKED CAPTURED HOLY SHIA CITIES KARBALA NAJAF IRAQ MASSACRED SHIITES DESTROYED TOMBS SHIITE IMAM HUSAYN TALIB THEY OCCUPIED TAIF WHERE THEY MASSACRED POPULATION WAHHABIS CAPTURED MECCA MEDINA DESTROYING MONUMENTS VARIOUS HOLY MUSLIM SITES SHRINES SUCH SHRINE BUILT OVER TOMB FATIMA ZAHRA DAUGHTER MUHAMMAD EVEN INTENDED DESTROY GRAVE MUHAMMAD HIMSELF OTTOMAN EMPIRE UPON SUCCEEDING FATHER SULEIMAN MAGNIFICENT BEGAN SERIES MILITARY CONQUESTS EUROPE AUGUST DEFEATED LOUIS HUNGARY BATTLE MOHáCS WAKE HUNGARIAN RESISTANCE COLLAPSED OTTOMAN EMPIRE BECAME PREEMINENT POWER CENTRAL EASTERN EUROPE JULY SULTAN MEHMET PROCLAIMED JIHAD TURKISH GRAND VIZIER KARA MUSTAFA PASHA LAID SIEGE VIENNA WITH ARMY NOVEMBER CONSTANTINOPLE CAPITAL OTTOMAN EMPIRE RELIGIOUS LEADER SHEIKH-UL-ISLAM DECLARES JIHAD BEHALF OTTOMAN GOVERNMENT URGING MUSLIMS OVER WORLD INCLUDING ALLIED COUNTRIES TAKE ARMS AGAINST BRITAIN RUSSIA FRANCE SERBIA MONTENEGRO WORLD OTHER HAND SHEIKH HUSSEIN EMIR MECCA REFUSED ACCOMMODATE OTTOMAN REQUESTS THAT ENDORSE THIS JIHAD REQUIREMENT THAT NECESSARY WERE JIHAD BECOME POPULAR GROUNDS THAT 'THE HOLY DOCTRINALLY INCOMPATIBLE WITH AGGRESSIVE ABSURD WITH CHRISTIAN ALLY GERMANY' AFGHANISTAN AHMAD SHAH FOUNDER DURRANI EMPIRE DECLARED JIHAD AGAINST MARATHAS WARRIORS FROM VARIOUS PASHTUN TRIBES WELL OTHER TRIBES ANSWERED CALL THIRD BATTLE PANIPAT JANUARY FOUGHT BETWEEN LARGELY MUSLIM LARGELY HINDU ARMIES NUMBERED MANY TROOPS EACH WAGED ALONG TWELVE-KILOMETRE FRONT RESULTED DECISIVE VICTORY AHMAD SHAH RESPONSE HAZARA UPRISING AFGHAN EMIR ABDUR RAHMAN DECLARED JIHAD AGAINST SHIITES LARGE ARMY DEFEATED REBELLION CENTER ORUZGAN LOCAL POPULATION SEVERELY MASSACRED ACCORDING MOUSAVI THOUSANDS HAZARA WOMEN CHILDREN WERE SOLD SLAVES MARKETS KABUL QANDAHAR WHILE NUMEROUS TOWERS HUMAN HEADS WERE MADE FROM DEFEATED REBELS WARNING OTHERS MIGHT CHALLENGE RULE AMIR UNTIL CENTURY SOME HAZARAS WERE STILL KEPT SLAVES PASHTUNS ALTHOUGH AMANULLAH KHAN BANNED SLAVERY AFGHANISTAN DURING REIGN TRADITION CARRIED UNOFFICIALLY MANY MORE YEARS FIRST ANGLO-AFGHAN BRITAIN’S MOST ILL-ADVISED DISASTROUS WARS WILLIAM BRYDON SOLE SURVIVOR INVADING BRITISH ARMY SOLDIERS CIVILIANS EARLIER WARS AGAINST BRITISH SOVIETS AFGHAN RESISTANCE AMERICAN INVADERS TOOK TRADITIONAL FORM MUSLIM HOLY AGAINST INFIDELS DURING SEPTEMBER REMNANTS TALIBAN FORCES BEGAN RECRUITMENT DRIVE PASHTUN AREAS BOTH AFGHANISTAN PAKISTAN LAUNCH RENEWED JIHAD HOLY AGAINST PRO-WESTERN AFGHAN GOVERNMENT S-LED COALITION PAMPHLETS DISTRIBUTED SECRET DURING NIGHT ALSO BEGAN APPEAR MANY VILLAGES FORMER TALIBAN HEARTLAND SOUTHEASTERN AFGHANISTAN THAT CALLED JIHAD SMALL MOBILE TRAINING CAMPS WERE ESTABLISHED ALONG BORDER WITH PAKISTAN AL-QAEDA TALIBAN FUGITIVES TRAIN RECRUITS GUERRILLA WARFARE TERRORIST TACTICS ACCORDING AFGHAN SOURCES UNITED NATIONS REPORT MOST RECRUITS WERE DRAWN FROM MADRASSAS RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS TRIBAL AREAS PAKISTAN FROM WHICH TALIBAN ORIGINALLY ARISEN INSURGENCY FORM TALIBAN GUERRILLA CONTINUES ALHOUGH THERE EVIDENCE THAT DIRECTLY SUPPORTED TALIBAN QAEDA SOME BASIS MILITARY SUPPORT TALIBAN PROVIDED WHEN EARLY PAKISTAN'S INTERSERVICES INTELLIGENCE AGENCY PROVIDED ARMS AFGHAN MUJAHIDEENS RESISTING SOVIET INVASION AFGHANISTAN ASSISTED PROCESS GATHERING RADICAL MUSLIMS FROM AROUND WORLD FIGHT AGAINST SOVIETS OSAMA LADEN PLAYERS ORGANIZING TRAINING CAMPS FOREIGN MUSLIM VOLUNTEERS POURED FUNDS ARMS INTO AFGHANISTAN TONS -MADE WEAPONS AMMUNITION YEAR WERE ENTERING ALGERIA ALGERIA INVADED FRANCE FRENCH COLONIAL DOMINATION OVER ALGERIA SUPPLANTED WHAT BEEN DOMINATION NAME ONLY OTTOMAN EMPIRE WITHIN YEARS AL-Q MADE AMIR WITH LOYALTY NUMBER TRIBES BEGAN JIHAD AGAINST FRENCH EFFECTIVE USING GUERRILLA WARFARE DECADE UNTIL SCORED MANY VICTORIES NOTED CHIVALRY DECEMBER AL-Q FORCED SURRENDER AL-QADIR RECOGNIZED VENERATED FIRST HERO ALGERIAN INDEPENDENCE WITHOUT CAUSE GREEN WHITE STANDARD ADOPTED ALGERIAN LIBERATION MOVEMENT DURING INDEPENDENCE BECAME NATIONAL FLAG INDEPENDENT ALGERIA ALGERIAN CIVIL ARMED CONFLICT BETWEEN ALGERIAN GOVERNMENT VARIOUS ISLAMIST REBEL GROUPS WHICH BEGAN ORGANIZED JIHAD ALGERIA DISINTEGRATED INTO CRIMINAL THUGGERY ALGERIA WRACKED MASSACRES INTENSE BRUTALITY UNPRECEDENTED SIZE VIEWS JIHAD DIFFERENT MUSLIM GROUPS SUNNI VIEW JIHAD ALSO OPINION ISLAMIC SCHOLARS JIHAD JIHAD BEEN CLASSIFIED EITHER AL-JIH AL-AKBAR GREATER JIHAD STRUGGLE AGAINST ONE'S SOUL NAFS AL-JIH AL-ASGHAR LESSER JIHAD EXTERNAL PHYSICAL EFFORT OFTEN IMPLYING FIGHTING THIS SIMILAR SHIITE VIEW JIHAD WELL GIBRIL HADDAD ANALYZED BASIS BELIEF THAT INTERNAL JIHAD GREATER JIHAD JIHAD AL-AKBAR HADDAD IDENTIFIES PRIMARY HISTORICAL BASIS THIS BELIEF PAIR SIMILARLY WORDED HADEETH WHICH MOHAMMED REPORTED HAVE TOLD WARRIORS RETURNING HOME THAT THEY RETURNED FROM LESSER JIHAD STRUGGLE AGAINST NON-MUSLIMS GREATER JIHAD STRUGGLE AGAINST LUST ALTHOUGH HADDAD NOTES THAT AUTHENTICITY BOTH HADEETH QUESTIONABLE NEVERTHELESS CONCLUDES THAT UNDERLYING PRINCIPLE SUPERIORITY INTERNAL JIHAD DOES HAVE RELIABLE BASIS QUR'AN OTHER WRITINGS OTHER HAND HANBALI SCHOLAR QAYYIM AL-JAWZIYYA BELIEVE THAT INTERNAL JIHAD IMPORTANT SUGGESTS THOSE HADITH WEAK WHICH CONSIDER JIHAD HEART SOUL MORE IMPORTANT THAN JIHAD SWORD CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC SCHOLAR ABDULLAH YUSUF AZZAM ARGUED HADITH JUST WEAK FACT FALSE FABRICATED HADITH WHICH BASIS ONLY SAYING IBRAHIM ABALAH SUCCESSORS CONTRADICTS TEXTUAL EVIDENCE REALITY MUSLIM JURISTS EXPLAINED THERE FOUR KINDS JIHAD SABILILLAH STRUGGLE CAUSE JIHAD HEART JIHAD QALB NAFS CONCERNED WITH COMBATTING DEVIL ATTEMPT ESCAPE PERSUASION EVIL THIS TYPE JIHAD REGARDED GREATER JIHAD AL-JIHAD AL-AKBAR JIHAD TONGUE JIHAD LISAN CONCERNED WITH SPEAKING TRUTH SPREADING WORD ISLAM WITH ONE'S TONGUE JIHAD HAND JIHAD REFERS CHOOSING WHAT RIGHT COMBAT INJUSTICE WHAT WRONG WITH ACTION JIHAD SWORD JIHAD SAIF REFERS QITAL SABILILLAH ARMED FIGHTING HOLY MOST COMMON USAGE SALAFI MUSLIMS OFFSHOOTS MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD SOME CONTEMPORARY ISLAMISTS HAVE SUCCEEDED REPLACING GREATER JIHAD FIGHT AGAINST DESIRES WITH LESSER JIHAD HOLY ESTABLISH DEFEND EXTEND ISLAMIC STATE SUFIC VIEW JIHAD SUFIC VIEW CLASSIFIES JIHAD INTO GREATER JIHAD LESSER JIHAD MUHAMMAD EMPHASIS GREATER JIHAD SAYING THAT HOLY WARRIOR WITH HIMSELF THIS SENSE EXTERNAL WARS STRIFE SEEN SATANIC COUNTERFEIT TRUE JIHAD WHICH ONLY FOUGHT WITHIN OTHER SALVATION EXISTING SAVE WITHOUT EFFORTS HIMSELF BEING ADDED WORK INVOLVED SELF-REFINEMENT THIS SENSE WESTERN VIEW HOLY GRAIL WHICH COMES CLOSEST SUFIC IDEAL SUFIS PERFECTION GRAIL HOLY GRAIL THOSE AFTER THEY BECOME PERFECT GIVING THEY HAVE POOR THEN BECOME ABDAL CHANGED ONES LIKE ENOCH TAKEN BECAUSE WALKED WITH GENESIS HERE HOLY ONES GAIN SURNAME HADRAT PRESENCE JIHAD WARFARE THIS ARTICLE CONTAINS MANY QUOTATIONS ENCYCLOPEDIC ENTRY PLEASE HELP IMPROVE ARTICLE REMOVING EXCESSIVE QUOTATIONS TRANSFERRING THEM WIKIQUOTE HELP AVAILABLE MARCH THIS ARTICLE BEEN NOMINATED CHECKED NEUTRALITY DISCUSSION THIS NOMINATION FOUND TALK PAGE DECEMBER ALSO OFFENSIVE JIHAD DEFENSIVE JIHAD GHAZW OPINION ISLAMIC SCHOLARS JIHAD ITMAM AL-HUJJAH QUR’AN ASSERTS THAT FORCE WOULD HAVE BEEN ALLOWED CURBING EVILS NATIONS DISRUPTION DISORDER CAUSED INSURGENT NATIONS COULD HAVE REACHED EXTENT THAT PLACES WORSHIP WOULD HAVE BECOME DESERTED FORSAKEN STATES BEEN THAT ALLAH CHECKS PEOPLE WITH ANOTHER MONASTERIES CHURCHES SYNAGOGUES MOSQUES WHICH PRAISE ABUNDANTLY CELEBRATED WOULD HAVE BEEN UTTERLY DESTROYED —QUR'AN JAVED AHMED GHAMIDI DIVIDES JUST WARFARE INTO TYPES AGAINST INJUSTICE OPPRESSION AGAINST REJECTERS TRUTH AFTER BECOME EVIDENT THEM FIRST TYPE JIHAD GENERALLY CONSIDERED ETERNAL GHAMIDI HOLDS THAT SECOND SPECIFIC PEOPLE WERE SELECTED DELIVERING TRUTH OBLIGATION THEY CALLED WITNESSES TRUTH ARABIC ALSO ITMAM AL-HUJJAH IMPLICATION BEING THAT THEY BEAR WITNESS TRUTH BEFORE OTHER PEOPLE SUCH COMPLETE ULTIMATE MANNER THAT LEFT WITH EXCUSE DENY TRUTH THERE DISPUTE AMONG ISLAMIC JURISTS WHETHER BEING WITNESS ONLY COMPANIONS MUHAMMAD WHETHER THIS RESPONSIBILITY STILL BEING HELD MODERN MUSLIMS WHICH ENTITLE THEM TAKE ACTIONS SUBDUE OTHER NON-MUSLIM NATIONS PROPONENTS COMPANIONS MUHAMMAD BEING WITNESS TRANSLATE FOLLOWING VERSE ONLY COMPANIONS WHILE OTHERS TRANSLATE WHOLE MUSLIM NATION QUR'AN SIMILARLY COMPANIONS PROPHET HAVE MADE INTERMEDIATE GROUP THAT WITNESSES THIS RELIGION BEFORE NATIONS MESSENGER SUCH WITNESS BEFORE SIMILARLY PROPONENTS COMPANIONS MUHAMMAD BEING WITNESS PRESENT FOLLOWING VERSE ARGUE THAT COMPANIONS WERE CHOSEN PEOPLE WITNESSES JUST CHOOSES MESSENGERS FROM MANKIND QUR'AN CHOSEN IMPOSED DIFFICULTIES RELIGION RELIGION YOUR FATHER ABRAHAM NAMED MUSLIMS BOTH BEFORE THIS QUR’AN CHOSE THAT MESSENGER WITNESS THIS RELIGION WITNESSES THIS RELIGION NON-MUSLIMS YOUR TIMES —QUR'AN QUR'AN FOLLOWING FIRST VERSE QUR’AN WHICH COMPANIONS MUHAMMAD MIGRATED FROM MECCA WERE GIVEN PERMISSION FIGHT BACK THEY WERE ATTACKED PERMISSION TAKE ARMS HEREBY GIVEN THOSE ATTACKED BECAUSE THEY HAVE BEEN OPPRESSED ALLAH INDEED POWER GRANT THEM VICTORY THOSE HAVE BEEN UNJUSTLY DRIVEN FROM THEIR HOMES ONLY BECAUSE THEY SAID “OUR LORD ALLAH” —QUR'AN QUR'AN REASON THIS DIRECTIVE MEDINA INSTEAD MECCA CONSIDERED MOST MUSLIM SCHOLARS THAT WITHOUT POLITICAL AUTHORITY ARMED OFFENSIVES BECOME TANTAMOUNT SPREADING DISORDER ANARCHY SOCIETY ISLAMIC JURIST WRITES AMONG KAFAYAH OBLIGATIONS THIRD CATEGORY THAT WHICH EXISTENCE RULER NECESSARY JIHAD EXECUTION PUNISHMENTS THEREFORE ONLY RULER THIS PREROGATIVE BECAUSE INDEED ELSE RIGHT PUNISH ANOTHER PERSON —SAYYID SABIQ FIQHU’L-SUNNAH BEIRUT DARU’L-FIKR DIRECTIVE WARFARE DIRECTIVE JIHAD GIVEN MUSLIMS QUR'AN THESE VERSES TOLD MUSLIMS THAT THEY SHOULD MERELY FIGHT BANU QURAISH THEY RESIST THEM OFFERING HAJJ QUR’AN GOES THAT THEY SHOULD CONTINUE FIGHT THEM UNTIL PERSECUTION UPROOTED ISLAM PREVAILS WHOLE ARABIA INITIALLY MUSLIMS WERE REQUIRED FULFILL THIS RESPONSIBILITY EVEN ENEMY TIMES STRONGER AFTERWARDS QUR'AN REDUCED BURDEN THIS RESPONSIBILITY QUR'AN PROPHET ROUSE BELIEVERS WAGE THERE TWENTY AMONGST PATIENT PERSEVERING THEY WILL SUBDUE HUNDRED HUNDRED THEY WILL SUBDUE THOUSAND DISBELIEVERS THESE PEOPLE WITHOUT UNDERSTANDING —QUR'AN QUR'AN FROM LIGHTENED YOUR TASK KNOWS THAT THERE WEAKNESS AMONGST EVER THERE HUNDRED PATIENT PERSEVERING THEY WILL SUBDUE HUNDRED THOUSAND THEY WILL SUBDUE THOUSAND WITH LEAVE WITH THOSE PATIENTLY PERSEVERE —QUR'AN QUR'AN SOME INTERPRET ABOVE VERSES THAT JIHAD NEVER BECOMES OBLIGATORY UNLESS MILITARY MIGHT MUSLIMS CERTAIN LEVEL TIMES MUHAMMAD WHEN LARGE SCALE CONVERSIONS TOOK PLACE LATER PHASE QUR'AN REDUCED MUSLIM ENEMY RATIO SEEMS THAT MUSLIMS SHOULD ONLY CONSOLIDATE THEIR MORAL CHARACTER ALSO IMPERATIVE THEM BUILD THEIR MILITARY MIGHT THEY WANT WAGE JIHAD WHEN NEED ARISES QUR’AN GAVE SIMILAR DIRECTIVE MUSLIMS MUHAMMAD TIMES FOLLOWING WORDS MUSTER AGAINST THEM CAVALRY YOUR DISPOSAL THAT STRIKE TERROR INTO ENEMIES ALLAH BELIEVERS OTHERS BESIDE THEM UNKNOWN THOUGH ALLAH KNOWS THEM REMEMBER WHATEVER SPEND CAUSE ALLAH SHALL REPAID SHALL WRONGED —QUR'AN QUR'AN WHILE OTHER SCHOLARS CONSIDER LATER COMMAND RATIO ONLY PARTICULAR TIME POLICY ADOPTED REGARDING EXTENT REQUIREMENT THAT AROSE WARS THAT MUSLIMS FIGHT BATTLES BADR UHUD TABUK RESPONSIBILITY MUCH MORE EACH MUSLIM REQUIRED PRESENT SERVICES COMBATANT QUR'AN EQUAL THOSE BELIEVERS HOME WITHOUT GENUINE EXCUSE THOSE STRIVE HARD FIGHT CAUSE ALLAH WITH THEIR WEALTH THEIR LIVES ALLAH GIVEN PREFERENCE DEGREE THOSE STRIVE HARD FIGHT WITH THEIR WEALTH THEIR LIVES ABOVE THOSE HOME REALITY EACH ALLAH MADE GOOD PROMISE REALITY ALLAH PREFERRED THOSE STRIVE HARD FIGHT ABOVE THOSE HOME HUGE REWARD DEGREES HIGHER GRADES FROM FORGIVENESS MERCY ALLAH EVER FORGIVING MOST MERCIFUL —QUR'AN QUR'AN QUR'AN ALSO STATES THAT TURNING BACKS BATTLE FIELD EXCEPT TACTICAL PURPOSES WILL BRING WRATH QUR'AN BELIEVE WHEN MEET THOSE DISBELIEVE MARCHING THEN TURN YOUR BACKS THEM WHOEVER SHALL TURN BACK THEM THAT DAY-- UNLESS TURN ASIDE SAKE FIGHTING WITHDRAWS COMPANY-- THEN INDEED BECOMES DESERVING ALLAH'S WRATH ABODE HELL EVIL DESTINATION SHALL —QUR'AN QUR'AN DRIVING FORCE ISLAMIC SCHOLARS AGREE THAT JIHAD SHOULD UNDERTAKEN GRATIFY ONE’S WHIMS OBTAIN WEALTH RICHES MANY ALSO CONSIDER THAT MUST ALSO UNDERTAKEN CONQUER TERRITORIES RULE THEM ACQUIRE FAME APPEASE EMOTIONS COMMUNAL SUPPORT PARTISANSHIP ANIMOSITY CONTRARY SHOULD UNDERTAKEN ONLY ONLY CAUSE ALLAH EVIDENT FROM WORDS QUR'AN THOSE BELIEVE FIGHT CAUSE ALLAH THOSE DISBELIEVE FIGHT CAUSE SATAN FIGHT AGAINST FRIENDS SATAN EVER FEEBLE INDEED PLOT SATAN —QUR'AN QUR'AN PROPHET MUHAMMAD VARIOUS INSTANCES ALSO EXPLAINED VERY FORCEFULLY THIS PURPORT QUR’AN MUSA ASH‘ARI NARRATES THAT ONCE PERSON CAME PROPHET SAID THAT SOME PEOPLE FIGHT SPOILS SOME FAME SOME SHOW THEIR VALOR THEN ASKED PROPHET “WHICH THEM FIGHTS ALLAH” PROPHET REPLIED “ONLY THAT PERSON FIGHTS ALLAH SETS FOOT BATTLEFIELD RAISE HIGH NAME ALLAH” SAHIH BUKHARI HURAYRAH NARRATES FROM PROPHET SWEAR ALMIGHTY THAT PERSON WOUNDED ALLAH ALLAH KNOWS FULL WELL ACTUALLY WOUNDED WOULD RAISED JUDGEMENT SUCH THAT COLOUR COLOUR BLOOD WITH FRAGRANCE MUSK AROUND HIM” SAHIH BUKHARI JABR NARRATES FROM PROPHET PERSON WHOSE FEET BECOME DUST RIDDEN BECAUSE STRIVING ALLAH WILL NEVER TOUCHED FLAMES HELL” SAHIH BUKHARI SAHAL SA‘AD SAYS THAT PROPHET ONCE SAID RESIDE BORDER AREA PROTECT PEOPLE AGAINST ENEMY INVASION BETTER THAN THIS WORLD EVERYTHING HAS” SAHIH BUKHARI SIMILARLY REWARD PARTICIPATION SUCH STRIVE QUR'AN STATES CONSIDER THOSE KILLED ALLAH DEAD THEY ALIVE WITH THEIR LORD THEY WILL PROVIDED THEY REJOICE WHAT ALLAH BESTOWED UPON THEM BOUNTY REJOICE SAKE THOSE HAVE JOINED THEM LEFT BEHIND MARTYRED THAT THEM FEAR SHALL COME SHALL THEY GRIEVE THEY REJOICE GRACE BOUNTY FROM ALLAH THAT ALLAH WILL WASTE REWARD BELIEVERS —QUR'AN QUR'AN ETHICAL LIMITS MAIN ARTICLE RULES ISLAM ISLAMIC BASED UPON QURAN PRACTICES MUHAMMAD DOWN LAWS OBSERVED DURING LESSER JIHAD QUR'AN FORBIDS FIGHTING SACRED MONTH SIMILARLY WITHIN BOUNDARIES HARAM NON-MUSLIMS DISREGARD THESE SANCTITIES MUSLIMS ASKED RETALIATE EQUAL MEASURE STATED QUR'AN SACRED MONTH SACRED MONTH SIMILARLY OTHER SACRED THINGS SUBJECT RETALIATION TRANSGRESSES AGAINST SHOULD ALSO BACK EQUAL COINS HAVE FEAR ALLAH KEEP MIND THAT ALLAH WITH THOSE REMAIN WITHIN BOUNDS STIPULATED RELIGION —QUR'AN QUR'AN OBSERVANCE TREATIES PACTS STRESSED QUR'AN WHEN SOME MUSLIMS WERE STILL MECCA THEY COULDN'T MIGRATE MEDINA QUR'AN STATED THOSE ACCEPTED FAITH MIGRATE MADINAH DUTY PROTECTION THEM UNTIL THEY MIGRATE THEY SEEK YOUR HELP RELIGION YOUR DUTY HELP THEM EXCEPT AGAINST PEOPLE WITH WHOM HAVE TREATY MUTUAL ALLIANCE ALLAH ALL-SEER WHAT —QUR'AN QUR'AN SIMILAR REPORTS ATTRIBUTED MUHAMMAD SA‘ID NARRATES FROM PROPHET JUDGMENT PROCLAIM TRAITORSHIP TRAITOR BETRAYAL PERSON BETRAYED WORDS FLAG SHALL HOISTED WHICH WOULD HIGH EXTENT TRAITORSHIP” PROPHET ALSO SAID “REMEMBER THAT TRAITOR BETRAYER PROMISES GREATER THAN LEADER RULER PEOPLE” SAHIH MUSLIM OBJECTIVES WARFARE ACCORDING VERSES QUR'AN QUR'AN IMPLIES OBJECTIVES UPROOT FITNAH PERSECUTION ESTABLISH SUPREMACY THROUGH ISLAM WORLD AGAINST PERSECUTION DIRECTIVES ACTION AGAINST PERSECUTION UNBELIEF FIGHT THEM UNTIL THERE MORE TUMULT OPPRESSION THERE PREVAIL JUSTICE FAITH ALLAH ALTOGETHER EVERYWHERE THEY CEASE VERILY ALLAH DOTH THAT THEY —QUR'AN QUR'AN ALSO WHAT COME OVER THAT FIGHT CAUSE ALLAH THOSE WEAK ILL-TREATED OPPRESSED AMONG WOMEN CHILDREN WHOSE ‘OUR LORD RESCUE FROM THIS TOWN WHOSE PEOPLE OPPRESSORS RAISE FROM WILL PROTECT RAISE FROM WILL HELP SHOULD KNOW THAT THOSE BELIEVE FIGHT CAUSE ALLAH THOSE DISBELIEVE FIGHT CAUSE SATAN FIGHT AGAINST FRIENDS SATAN EVER FEEBLE INDEED PLOT SATAN —QUR'AN QUR'AN MOST MUSLIM SCHOLARS CONSIDER ETERNAL DIRECTIVE BELIEVE THAT TYPES OPPRESSION SHOULD CONSIDERED UNDER THIS DIRECTIVE SIMILARLY GROUP MUSLIMS COMMIT UNWARRANTED AGGRESSION AGAINST SOME THEIR BROTHERS DOES DESIST FROM EVEN AFTER ATTEMPTS RECONCILIATION SUCH GROUP ACCORDING QUR’AN SHOULD FOUGHT WITH PARTIES GROUPS AMONG BELIEVERS START FIGHTING THEN MAKE PEACE BETWEEN THEM BOTH THEM OUTRAGES AGAINST OTHER THEN FIGHT AGAINST WHICH OUTRAGES TILL COMPLIES WITH COMMAND ALLAH THEN COMPLIES MAKE RECONCILIATION BETWEEN THEM JUSTLY EQUITABLE VERILY ALLAH LOVES THOSE EQUITABLE BELIEVERS BROTHERS ANOTHER MAKE RECONCILIATION BETWEEN YOUR BROTHERS FEAR ALLAH THAT RECEIVE MERCY —QUR'AN QUR'AN WHEN ASKED WHAT EVENT THAT MUSLIMS HAVE STATE MUHAMMAD DIRECTED MUSLIMS DISSOCIATE THEMSELVES FROM OTHER GROUPS ASKED THERE STATE RULER MUSLIMS REPLIED THIS SITUATION DISSOCIATE YOURSELF FROM GROUPS EVEN HAVE CHEW ROOTS TREE TIME YOUR DEATH SAHIH BUKHARI SUPREMACY ISLAM ARABIAN PENINSULA STATED QUR'AN INDEED THOSE OPPOSING ALLAH MESSENGER BOUND HUMILIATED ALMIGHTY ORDAINED MESSENGERS SHALL ALWAYS PREVAIL’’ INDEED ALLAH MIGHTY POWERFUL —QUR'AN QUR'AN AFTER ITMAM AL-HUJJAH CLARIFICATION RELIGION ADDRESSEES ULTIMATE FORM JEWS WERE SUBDUED FIRST BEEN GRANTED AMNESTY BECAUSE VARIOUS PACTS THOSE AMONG THEM VIOLATED THESE PACTS WERE GIVEN PUNISHMENT DENYING MESSENGER MUHAMMAD EXILED TRIBE BANU QAYNUQA KHYBER THAT BANU NADIR SYRIA POWER THEY WIELDED KHYBER CRUSHED ATTACK THEIR STRONGHOLDS PRIOR THIS AL-RAFI KA'B AL-ASHRAF WERE DEATH THEIR HOUSES TRIBE BANU QURAYZA GUILTY TREACHERY DISLOYALTY BATTLE AHZAB WHEN CLOUDS DISPERSED CHANCES EXTERNAL ATTACK LONGER REMAINED MUHAMMAD LAID SIEGE AROUND THEM WHEN HOPE REMAINED THEY ASKED MUHAMMAD APPOINT SA'D MUA'DH ARBITRATOR DECIDE THEIR FATE THEIR REQUEST ACCEPTED SINCE THAT TIME SPECIFIC PUNISHMENT BEEN REVEALED QUR’AN ABOUT FATE JEWS SA'D MUA'DH ANNOUNCED VERDICT ACCORDANCE WITH TORAH TORAH PUNISHMENT SUCH SITUATIONS THAT SHOULD DEATH WOMEN CHILDREN SHOULD MADE SLAVES WEALTH WHOLE NATION SHOULD DISTRIBUTED AMONG CONQUERORS ACCORDANCE WITH THIS VERDICT PRONOUNCED WERE EXECUTED JOHN ESPOSITO WRITES THAT MUHAMMAD'S WARFARE GENERAL ALIEN NEITHER ARAB CUSTOM THAT HEBREW PROPHETS BOTH BELIEVED THAT SANCTIONED BATTLE WITH ENEMIES LORD OTHER INCIDENT NOTE TOOK PLACE REGARDING JEWS UNTIL REVELATION AT-TAWBA FINAL JUDGEMENT DECLARED AGAINST THEM FIGHT THOSE BELIEVE ALLAH LAST HOLD THAT FORBIDDEN WHICH BEEN FORBIDDEN ALLAH MESSENGER ACKNOWLEDGE RELIGION TRUTH FROM AMONG PEOPLE BOOK UNTIL THEY JIZYAH WITH WILLING SUBMISSION SUBDUED —QUR'AN QUR'AN THIS DIRECTIVE RELATED BOTH JEWS CHRISTIANS PUNISHMENT MENTIONED THESE VERSES SHOW LENIENCE THEM BECAUSE THEY WERE ORIGINALLY ADHERENTS MONOTHEISM STORY HOLDS THAT THEY BENEFIT FROM THIS LENIENCE BECAUSE AFTER MUHAMMAD'S DEATH THEY ONCE AGAIN RESORTED FRAUD TREACHERY CONSEQUENTLY JEWS KHYBER CHRISTIANS NAJRAN WERE EXILED ONCE FROM ARABIAN PENINSULA UMAR THIS EXILE ACTUALLY FULFILLED FOLLOWING DECLARATION QUR’AN ABOUT THEM BEEN THAT ALLAH DECREED EXILE THEM WOULD CERTAINLY HAVE PUNISHED THEM THIS WORLD HEREAFTER THEIRS SHALL TORMENT FIRE —QUR'AN QUR'AN WHEN POLYTHEISTS ARABIA BEEN SIMILARLY SUBDUED PROCLAIMED AT-TAWBA THAT FUTURE PACT WOULD MADE WITH THEM THEY WOULD GIVEN FINAL RESPITE FOUR MONTHS THEN THEY WOULD HUMILIATED RETRIBUTION THEIR DEEDS WOULD ABLE ESCAPE FROM THIS PUNISHMENT AFTER THIS TIME LIMIT DECLARATION MADE QUR’AN DECLARATION SHOULD MADE FROM ALLAH MESSENGER THESE PEOPLE GREAT HAJJ THAT ALLAH FREE FROM OBLIGATIONS THESE IDOLATERS MESSENGER IDOLATERS REPENT BETTER TURN AWAY THEN KNOW THAT CANNOT ESCAPE FROM GRASP ALLAH GIVE TIDINGS MUHAMMAD PAINFUL TORMENT THESE DISBELIEVERS EXCEPT THOSE THESE IDOLATERS WITH WHOM HAVE TREATY HAVE SHOWN TREACHERY HAVE SUPPORTED ANYONE AGAINST FULFILL THEIR TREATY THEIR TERM INDEED ALLAH LOVES THOSE ABIDE LIMITS THEN WHEN SACRED MONTHS AFTER HAJJ HAVE PASSED KILL THESE IDOLATERS WHEREVER FIND THEM CAPTURE THEM BESIEGE THEM WAIT THEM EACH EVERY AMBUSH THEY REPENT ESTABLISH PRAYER GIVE ZAKAH THEN LEAVE THEM ALONE INDEED ALLAH EVER FORGIVING MOST MERCIFUL —QUR'AN QUR'AN AFTER TREATY HUDAYBIYYAH MUHAMMAD HIMSELF SINGLED NATIONS WRITING LETTERS THEM THEY WERE WRITTEN HEADS EIGHT COUNTRIES CONSEQUENTLY AFTER CONSOLIDATING THEIR RULE ARABIAN PENINSULA COMPANIONS LAUNCHED ATTACKS AGAINST THESE COUNTRIES GIVING THEM OPTIONS THEY WANTED REMAIN ALIVE ACCEPT FAITH ACCEPT LIFE SUBJUGATION PAYING JIZYA NONE THESE NATIONS WERE CONSIDERED ADHERENTS POLYTHEISM OTHERWISE THEY WOULD HAVE BEEN TREATED SAME IDOLATERS ARABIA WARFARE MUSLIM SOCIETIES HISTORY RECORDS INSTANCES CALL JIHAD BEING INVOKED ISLAMIC LEADERS LEGITIMATE WARS CONQUEST MAJOR IMPERIAL MUSLIM DYNASTIES OTTOMAN TURKEY SUNNI PERSIA SHIA EACH ESTABLISHED SYSTEMS AUTHORITY AROUND TRADITIONAL ISLAMIC INSTITUTIONS OTTOMAN EMPIRE CONCEPT GHAZA PROMULGATED SISTER OBLIGATION JIHAD OTTOMAN RULER MEHMED SAID HAVE INSISTED CONQUEST CONSTANTINOPLE CHRISTIAN BYZANTIUM JUSTIFYING GHAZA BASIC DUTY LATER OTTOMAN RULERS WOULD APPLY GHAZA JUSTIFY MILITARY CAMPAIGNS AGAINST PERSIAN SAFAVID DYNASTY THUS BOTH RIVAL EMPIRES ESTABLISHED TRADITION THAT RULER ONLY CONSIDERED TRULY CHARGE WHEN ARMIES BEEN SENT INTO FIELD NAME TRUE FAITH USUALLY AGAINST GIAURS HERETICS OFTEN MEANING EACH OTHER 'MISSIONARY' VOCATION MUSLIM DYNASTIES PRESTIGIOUS ENOUGH OFFICIALLY REFLECTED FORMAL TITLE PART FULL RULER STYLE OTTOMAN MANY ALSO GHAZI PART THEIR NAME SULTAN MURAD KHAN KHOJA-GHAZI SOVEREIGN HOUSE OSMAN LITERALLY USED SULTAN UL-MUJAHIDIN CITATION NEEDED SO-CALLED FULBE JIHAD STATES OTHER JIHAD STATES WESTERN AFRICA WERE ESTABLISHED SERIES OFFENSIVE WARS COMMANDS INCULCATED QURAN FIVE SURAS FROM PERIOD AFTER MUHAMMAD ESTABLISHED POWER MUSLIMS SWORD THOSE WILL NEITHER EMBRACE ISLAM POLL-TAX JIZYA WERE INTERPRETED GENERAL INJUNCTION MUSLIMS CONSTANTLY MAKE INFIDELS ORIGINALLY ONLY POLYTHEISTS CLAIMED MONOTHEISTS PEOPLE BOOK JESUS SEEN LAST PRECURSORS PROPHET MUHAMMED WORD INFIDEL DIFFERENT HISTORICAL USES NOTABLY USED CRUSADERS REFER MUSLIMS THEY WERE FIGHTING AGAINST GENERALLY SUPPOSED THAT ORDER GENERAL ONLY GIVEN CALIPH OFFICE THAT CLAIMED OTTOMAN SULTANS MUSLIMS ACKNOWLEDGE SPIRITUAL AUTHORITY CALIPHATE WHICH VACANT SUCH NON-SUNNIS NON-OTTOMAN MUSLIM STATES ALWAYS LOOKED THEIR RULERS PROCLAMATION JIHAD THERE BEEN FACT UNIVERSAL WARFARE MUSLIMS NON-BELIEVERS SINCE EARLY CALIPHATE SOME PROCLAIMED JIHAD CLAIMING THEMSELVES MAHDI SUDANESE MAHOMMED AHMAD NON-MUSLIM OPINIONS MODERN VIEWS UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT JUSTICE USED DEFINITIONS JIHAD INDICTMENTS INDIVIDUALS INVOLVED TERRORIST ACTIVITIES USED THIS FIRST SUPERSEDING INDICTMENT 'JIHAD' ARABIC WORD MEANING 'HOLY WAR' THIS CONTEXT JIHAD REFERS VIOLENCE INCLUDING PARAMILITARY ACTION AGAINST PERSONS GOVERNMENTS DEEMED ENEMIES FUNDAMENTALIST VERSION ISLAM USED THIS SUPERSEDING INDICTMENT 'VIOLENT JIHAD' 'JIHAD' INCLUDE PLANNING PREPARING ENGAGING ACTS PHYSICAL VIOLENCE INCLUDING MURDER MAIMING KIDNAPPING HOSTAGE-TAKING INDICTMENT AGAINST SEVERAL INDIVIDUALS INCLUDING JOSé PADILLA BOOK MUHAMMAD BIOGRAPHY PROPHET ROBINSON WRITES FIGHTING WARFARE MIGHT SOMETIMES NECESSARY ONLY MINOR PART WHOLE JIHAD STRUGGLE MAXIME RODINSON ORIENTALIST WROTE THAT JIHAD PROPAGANDISTIC DEVICE WHICH NEED RESORTS ARMED STRUGGLE INGREDIENTS COMMON MANY IDEOLOGICAL MOVEMENTS ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES ESPECIALLY UNITED STATES TERM JIHADIST TECHNICALLY DEROGATORY TERM MUJAHID FREQUENTLY USED DESCRIBE MILITANT ISLAMIC GROUPS INCLUDING RESTRICTED ISLAMIC TERRORISM ALSO FASAD ISLAMIC MILITARY JURISPRUDENCE ITMAM AL-HUJJAH MUJAHIDIN COGNATE OPINION ISLAMIC SCHOLARS JIHAD ASLIM TASLAM HIRABAH POLITICAL MILITARY ASPECTS ISLAM POLITICAL MOVEMENT ISLAMISM MILITANT ISLAM MUHAMMAD GENERAL ISLAMIC CONQUESTS LIST WARS MUSLIM WORLD RELATED CONCEPTS CHURCH MILITANT CRUSADE CRUSADE MODERN HOLY INQUISITION JUST MARTIAL ARTS MORTIFICATION PROSELYTISM RELIGIOUS WARS ZEALOT PHILOSOPHERS JIHAD DOCTRINE TAYMIYYAH ABDUL WAHHAB NAJDI SYED AHMED BARELWI MAULVI ISMAIL HASAN AL-BANNA SAYYID QUTB ABDUL MAUDOODI TAHIR AL-SULAMI ABDULLAH YUSUF AZZAM OSAMA LADEN FAZLUR RAHMAN MALIK JAVED AHMED GHAMIDI REFERENCES WENDY DONIGER MERRIAM-WEBSTER'S ENCYCLOPEDIA WORLD RELIGIONS MERRIAM-WEBSTER ISBN JIHAD JOSEF MERI MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION ENCYCLOPEDIA ROUTLEDGE ISBN JIHAD JOHN ESPOSITO ISLAM STRAIGHT PATH 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NON-MUSLIMS MUHAMMAD HAMIDULLAH MUSLIM CONDUCT STATE MUHAMMAD HAMIDULLAH BATTLEFIELDS PROPHET MUHAMMAD JOHN KELSAY JUST JIHAD REUVEN FIRESTONE JIHAD ORIGIN HOLY ISLAM HADIA DAJANI-SHAKEEL RONALD MESSIER JIHAD TIMES MAJID KHADDURI PEACE ISLAM BERNARD LEWIS POLITICAL LANGUAGE ISLAM ABUL MAUDUDI JIHAD ISLAM JAVED AHMAD GHAMIDI MIZAN BIANCAMARIA SCARCIA AMORETTI TOLLERANZA GUERRA SANTA NELL’ISLAM “SCUOLA APERTA” SANSONI FIRENZE TURNER JOHNSON HOLY IDEA WESTERN ISLAMIC TRADITIONS PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY PRESS UNIVERSITY PARK SOURCES EXTERNAL LINKS LOOK JIHAD WIKTIONARY FREE DICTIONARY WIKIQUOTE COLLECTION QUOTATIONS RELATED JIHAD WIKIVERSITY LEARNING MATERIALS ABOUT JIHAD JIHAD NEWS JIHAD ISLAM JIHAD TERRORISM JIHAD MUSLIM SUPPORT SUICIDE BOMBINGS CONCEPT PEACE JIHAD CONDEMNATION TERRORISM ISLAM JIHAD OXFORD ISLAMIC STUDIES CENTER JIHAD ENCARTA ENCYCLOPEDIA JIHAD ENCYCLOPæDIA BRITANNICA ETYMOLOGYONLINE BOMBERS ANGRY JIHãD SUHAS MAJUMDAR ASGHAR ENGINEER OCTOBER MAKING MOCKERY JIHAD ASIA TIMES HTTP ATIMES ATIMES SOUTH ASIA HTML RETRIEVED EXPLAINING CONCEPT JIHAD SHOW ECONTROVERSIES RELATED ISLAM MUSLIMS CRITICISM ISLAM QURAN MUHAMMAD ISLAMISM ISLAMOPHOBIA ISSUES APOSTASY DHIMMI EURABIA ANTISEMITISM DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ISLAMISM ISLAMOPHOBIA JIHAD PERSECUTION MUSLIMS QUTBISM TERRORISM SATANIC VERSES CONTROVERSY WOMEN MUSLIM SOCIETIES NOTABLE CRITICS AFSHIN ELLIAN AYAAN HIRSI AHMAD KASRAVI DANIEL PIPES IRSHAD MANJI WARRAQ PHILIPPE VILLIERS ROBERT SPENCER THEO GOGH GEERT WILDERS ORIANA FALLACI MUSLIMS LIST GUANTáNAMO DETAINEES MOAZZAM BEGG OSAMA LADEN EVENTS SINCE SEPTEMBER ATTACKS TERRORISM MECCA GIRLS' SCHOOL FIRE JYLLANDS-POSTEN MUHAMMAD CARTOONS QUR'AN DESECRATION CONTROVERSY BEHEADINGS CHRISTIAN GIRLS HOSTAGE CRISIS JOURNALISTS KIDNAPPING EGYPTIAN CARD CONTROVERSY QATIF GIRL RAPE CASE FLYING IMAMS CONTROVERSY CRONULLA RIOTS FRENCH HEADSCARF IMAM RAPITO AFFAIR KNIGHTHOOD SALMAN RUSHDIE POPE BENEDICT CONTROVERSY LARS VILKS MUHAMMAD DRAWINGS FITNA FILM TEDDY BEAR CASE 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